2014 Edition

Background

British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history and the elections of 2011 were generally regarded as credible. In January 2014, Nigeria assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2014-15 term.

Area

923,768 sq km 910,768 sq km 13,000 sq km

total

923,768 sq km

water

13,000 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of California

Climate

varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Coastline

853 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

highest point

Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%) 89.21 cu m/yr (2005)

per capita

89.21 cu m/yr (2005)

total

13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%)

Geographic coordinates

10 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note

the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

Irrigated land

2,932 sq km (2004)

Land boundaries

4,047 km Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

border countries

Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

total

4,047 km

Land use

38.97% 3.46% 57.57% (2011)

arable land

38.97%

other

57.57% (2011)

permanent crops

3.46%

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 200 nm 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

continental shelf

200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

periodic droughts; flooding

Natural resources

natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Terrain

southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

Total renewable water resources

286.2 cu km (2011)

Age structure

43.2% (male 39,151,304/female 37,353,737) 19.3% (male 17,486,117/female 16,732,533) 30.5% (male 27,697,644/female 26,285,816) 3.9% (male 3,393,631/female 3,571,301) 3% (male 2,621,845/female 2,861,826) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

43.2% (male 39,151,304/female 37,353,737)

15-24 years

19.3% (male 17,486,117/female 16,732,533)

25-54 years

30.5% (male 27,697,644/female 26,285,816)

55-64 years

3.9% (male 3,393,631/female 3,571,301)

65 years and over

3% (male 2,621,845/female 2,861,826) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

38.03 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

11,396,823 29 % (2007 est.)

percentage

29 % (2007 est.)

total number

11,396,823

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

24.4% (2011)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

14.1% (2011)

Death rate

13.16 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

89.2 % 84 % 5.2 % 19.3 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

5.2 %

potential support ratio

19.3 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

89.2 %

youth dependency ratio

84 %

Drinking water source

urban: 78.8% of population rural: 49.1% of population total: 64% of population urban: 21.2% of population rural: 50.9% of population total: 36% of population (2012 est.)

rural

50.9% of population

total

36% of population (2012 est.)

urban

21.2% of population

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential

Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Health expenditures

5.3% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.1% (2012 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

239,700 (2012 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3,426,600 (2012 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)

Infant mortality rate

74.09 deaths/1,000 live births 79.02 deaths/1,000 live births 68.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

female

68.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

total

74.09 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

Life expectancy at birth

52.62 years 51.63 years 53.66 years (2014 est.)

female

53.66 years (2014 est.)

total population

52.62 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 61.3% 72.1% 50.4% (2010 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

50.4% (2010 est.)

male

72.1%

total population

61.3%

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever leptospirosis and schistosomiasis meningococcal meningitis one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever rabies highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

aerosolized dust or soil contact disease

one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever

animal contact disease

rabies

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne diseases

malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever

water contact diseases

leptospirosis and schistosomiasis

Major urban areas - population

Lagos 11.223 million; Kano 3.375 million; Ibadan 2.949 million; ABUJA (capital) 2.153 million; Port Harcourt 1.894 million; Kaduna 1.524 million (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

630 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

18.2 years 18.1 years 18.3 years (2014 est.)

female

18.3 years (2014 est.)

male

18.1 years

total

18.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.3 median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2013 est.)

Nationality

Nigerian(s) Nigerian

adjective

Nigerian

noun

Nigerian(s)

Net migration rate

-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

6.5% (2008)

Physicians density

0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

177,155,754 estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

2.47% (2014 est.)

Religions

Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 30.8% of population rural: 24.7% of population total: 27.8% of population urban: 69.2% of population rural: 75.3% of population total: 72.2% of population (2012 est.)

rural

75.3% of population

total

72.2% of population (2012 est.)

urban

69.2% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

9 years 10 years 8 years (2005)

female

8 years (2005)

male

10 years

total

9 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 0.85 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.05 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.85 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.25 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Urbanization

49.6% of total population (2011) 3.75% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.75% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

49.6% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara

Capital

Abuja 9 05 N, 7 32 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

9 05 N, 7 32 E

name

Abuja

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999; amended 2010 (2010)

Country name

Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria

conventional long form

Federal Republic of Nigeria

conventional short form

Nigeria

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE (since 28 October 2013) Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja [234] (9) 461-4000 [234] (9) 461-4171

chief of mission

Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE (since 28 October 2013)

embassy

Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja

FAX

[234] (9) 461-4171

mailing address

P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja

telephone

[234] (9) 461-4000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE (since 26 March 2010) 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 986-8400 [1] (202) 362-6541 Atlanta, New York

chancery

3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE (since 26 March 2010)

consulate(s) general

Atlanta, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 362-6541

telephone

[1] (202) 986-8400

Executive branch

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was elected president on 16 April 2011 President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010) Federal Executive Council president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015) Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%

cabinet

Federal Executive Council

chief of state

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was elected president on 16 April 2011

election results

Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015)

head of government

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity

Government type

federal republic

Independence

1 October 1960 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices) judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65 Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)

judge selection and term of office

judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65

subordinate courts

Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015) Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011

election results

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011

elections

Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in February 2015)

National anthem

"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey" John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest

lyrics/music

John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE

name

"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"

National holiday

Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)

National symbol(s)

eagle

Political parties and leaders

Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO] Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE] All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU] All Progressives Congress [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE, acting] All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH] Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH] Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI] Labor Party [Chief Dan NWANYANWU] Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Adamu MU'AZU]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU Campaign for Democracy or CD Civil Liberties Organization or CLO Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR Constitutional Right Project or CRP Human Right Africa National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS Nigerian Bar Association or NBA Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC Nigerian Medical Association or NMA the press Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish

Budget

$23.85 billion $31.51 billion (2013 est.)

expenditures

$31.51 billion (2013 est.)

revenues

$23.85 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2010 est.) 6% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.5% (31 December 2013 est.) 16.79% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

$16.16 billion (2013 est.) $20.35 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$15.73 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $13.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

43.7 (2003) 50.6 (1997)

Economy - overview

Following an April 2014 statistical "rebasing" exercise, Nigeria has emerged as Africa's largest economy, with 2013 GDP estimated at US$ 502 billion. Oil has been a dominant source of government revenues since the 1970s. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production contracted in 2012 and 2013. Nevertheless, the Nigerian economy has continued to grow at a rapid 6-8% per annum (pre-rebasing), driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services, and the medium-term outlook for Nigeria is good, assuming oil output stabilizes and oil prices remain strong. Fiscal authorities pursued countercyclical policies in 2011-2013, significantly reducing the budget deficit. Monetary policy has also been responsive and effective. Following the 2008-9 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels - over 62% of Nigeria's 170 million people live in extreme poverty. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, continue to diversify production, and further improve fiscal management. The government is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power.

Exchange rates

nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 156.8 (2013 est.) 156.81 (2012 est.) 150.3 (2010 est.) 148.9 (2009) 117.8 (2008)

Exports

$93.55 billion (2013 est.) $95.68 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Exports - partners

US 16.8%, India 11.5%, Netherlands 8.6%, Spain 7.8%, Brazil 7.6%, UK 5.1%, Germany 4.9%, Japan 4.1%, France 4.1% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

50.3% 12.8% 9.8% 0% 49.9% -22.8% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

49.9%

government consumption

12.8%

household consumption

50.3%

imports of goods and services

-22.8%

investment in fixed capital

9.8%

investment in inventories

0%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

30.9% 43% 26% (2012 est.)

agriculture

30.9%

industry

43%

services

26% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,800 (2013 est.) $2,700 (2012 est.) $2,600 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.2% (2013 est.) 6.6% (2012 est.) 7.4% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$502 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$478.5 billion (2013 est.) $450.4 billion (2012 est.) $422.6 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving

15.5% of GDP (2013 est.) 15.9% of GDP (2012 est.) 15.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

1.8% 38.2% (2010 est.)

highest 10%

38.2% (2010 est.)

lowest 10%

1.8%

Imports

$55.98 billion (2013 est.) $53.36 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Imports - partners

China 18.3%, US 10.1%, India 5.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

0.9% (2013 est.)

Industries

crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

8.7% (2013 est.) 12.2% (2012 est.)

Labor force

51.53 million (2011 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

70% 10% 20% (1999 est.)

agriculture

70%

industry

10%

services

20% (1999 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$56.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $39.27 billion (31 December 2011) $50.88 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

70% (2010 est.)

Public debt

19.3% of GDP (2013 est.) 17.9% of GDP (2012 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$47.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $46.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$98.75 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $96.34 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$9.212 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $7.444 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$84.56 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $76.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$93.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $93.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$46.48 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $44.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

4.8% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

23.9% (2011 est.) 4.9% (2007 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

75.96 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

2.341 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

2.524 million bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

37.2 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

20.38 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

67.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

32.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

5.9 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

24.87 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

5.03 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

25.96 billion cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

31.36 billion cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.153 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

271,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

18,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

151,700 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

101,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.ng

Internet hosts

1,234 (2012)

Internet users

43.989 million (2009)

Telephone system

further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)

domestic

the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons

general assessment

further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem

international

country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)

Telephones - main lines in use

418,200 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

112.78 million (2012)

Airports

54 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

3 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

9

2,438 to 3,047 m

12

914 to 1,523 m

6

over 3,047 m

10

total

40

under 914 m

3 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

3 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

9

total

14

Heliports

5 (2013)

Merchant marine

cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1 3 (India 1, UK 2) 33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)

foreign-owned

3 (India 1, UK 2)

registered in other countries

33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)

total

89

Pipelines

condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

major seaport(s)

Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Railways

3,505 km 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

total

3,505 km

Roadways

193,200 km 28,980 km 164,220 km (2004)

total

193,200 km

unpaved

164,220 km (2004)

Transportation - note

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2012, 27 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 10 attacks in 2011; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire

Waterways

8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011)

Manpower available for military service

37,087,711 35,232,127 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

35,232,127 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

37,087,711

Manpower fit for military service

20,839,976 19,867,683 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

19,867,683 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

20,839,976

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

1,767,428 1,687,719 (2010 est.)

female

1,687,719 (2010 est.)

male

1,767,428

Military branches

Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)

Nigerian Armed Forces

Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)

Military expenditures

0.89% of GDP (2012) 0.98% of GDP (2011) 0.89% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

Disputes - international

Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved

Illicit drugs

a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

Refugees and internally displaced persons

3.3 million (Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2014)

IDPs

3.3 million (Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2014)