1996 Edition

Description

seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle

Location

20 00 S, 30 00 E -- Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana Flag ----

Area

comparative area

slightly larger than Montana

land area

386,670 sq km

total area

390,580 sq km

Climate

tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Environment

current issues

deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching

international agreements

party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

natural hazards

recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

Geographic coordinates

20 00 S, 30 00 E

Geographic note

landlocked

International disputes

quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement

Irrigated land

2,250 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries

border countries

Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

total

3,066 km

Land use

arable land

7%

forest and woodland

49%

meadows and pastures

13%

other

31%

permanent crops

NEGL (coffee)

Location

Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural resources

coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

Terrain

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

highest point

Inyangani 2,592 m

lowest point

junction of the Lundi and Savi rivers 162 m

Age structure

0-14 years: 44% (male 2,513,606; female 2,481,478) 15-64 years: 53% (male 2,935,188; female 3,030,270) 65 years and over: 3% (male 152,244; female 158,528) (July 1996 est.)

Birth rate

32.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate

18.2 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Ethnic divisions

African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%

Infant mortality rate

72.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Languages

English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects

Life expectancy at birth

female

41.78 years (1996 est.)

male

41.91 years

total population

41.85 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write in English (1995 est.)

female

80%

male

90%

total population

85%

Nationality

adjective

Zimbabwean

noun

Zimbabwean(s)

Net migration rate

NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

note

there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment

Population

11,271,314 (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate

1.41% (1996 est.)

Religions

syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

Sex ratio

all ages

0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

at birth

1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years

1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

4.09 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Administrative divisions

8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands

Capital

Harare

Constitution

21 December 1979

Data code

ZI

Diplomatic representation in US

chancery

1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI

telephone

[1] (202) 332-7100

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet was appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament

chief of state and head of government

Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) was nominated by the House of Assembly (if more than one nomination, electoral college of members of the House of Assembly elect the president); election last held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); results - Robert MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%; Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990) was appointed by the president

FAX

[1] (202) 483-9326

[263] (4) 796488

Flag

seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle

Independence

18 April 1980 (from UK)

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court

Legal system

mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law

Legislative branch

unicameral

Name of country

conventional long form

Republic of Zimbabwe

conventional short form

Zimbabwe

former

Southern Rhodesia

National holiday

Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

Parliament

elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-Ndonga 2

Political parties and leaders

Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-NDONGA (ZANU-NDONGA), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Type of government

parliamentary democracy

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission

Ambassador Johnnie CARSON

embassy

172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare

mailing address

P. O. Box 3340, Harare

telephone

[263] (4) 794521

Agriculture

corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs

Budget

expenditures

$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93)

revenues

$1.7 billion

Currency

1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Economic aid

recipient

ODA, $362 million (1993)

Economic overview

Agriculture employs 70% of the labor force of this landlocked nation and supplies almost 40% of exports. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 4.5% in 1994, only to drop by 2.4% in 1995. The government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment. Officials face the difficult task of restraining expenditures in their effort to keep inflation within bounds.

Electricity

capacity

2,040,000 kW

consumption per capita

913 kWh (1993)

production

9 billion kWh

Exchange rates

Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 -9.3633 (January 1996), 8.6580 (1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.0942 (1992), 3.4282 (1991)

Exports

$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)

commodities

agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992)

partners

UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)

External debt

$4.4 billion (1994)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

GDP

purchasing power parity - $18.1 billion (1995 est.)

GDP composition by sector

agriculture

18.3%

industry

35.3%

services

46.4% (1993 est.)

GDP per capita

$1,620 (1995 est.)

GDP real growth rate

-2.4% (1995)

Imports

$1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)

commodities

machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991)

partners

South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)

Industrial production growth rate

10% (1994)

Industries

mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

25.8% (1995)

Labor force

4.228 million (1993 est.)

by occupation

agriculture 70%, transport and services 22%, industry 8%

Unemployment rate

at least 45% (1994 est.)

Branches

Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)

Defense expenditures

exchange rate conversion - $236 million, 3.4% of GDP (FY95/96) *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 1996 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

Manpower availability

males age 15-49

2,629,880

males fit for military service

1,632,391 (1996 est.)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0

Radios

890,000 (1992 est.)

START

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Telephone system

system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance

domestic

consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, and radiotelephone communication stations

international

satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones

301,000 (1990 est.)

Television broadcast stations

8 (1986 est.)

Televisions

280,000 (1992 est.) Defense

Airports

total

403

with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m

6

with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m

2

with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m

8

with paved runways over 3 047 m

3

with paved runways under 914 m

185

with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m

1

with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m

198 (1995 est.)

Highways

paved

14,572 km

total

91,078 km

unpaved

76,506 km (1992 est.)

Pipelines

petroleum products 212 km

Ports

Binga, Kariba

Railways

narrow gauge

2,759 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double track) (1995 est.)

total

2,759 km (1995)

Waterways

Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication