1987 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1987 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Fiscal year
calendar year
Monetary conversion rate
(official) 7.5 bolivares=US$1 (November 1986)
Communications
Airfields
278 total, 253 usable; 108 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 86 with runways 1,220-2,489 m
Civil air
58 major transport aircraft
Highways
77,785 km total; 22,780 km paved, 24,720 km gravel, 14,450 km earth roads, and 15,835 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways
7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels
Pipelines
6,370 km crude oil; 480 km refined products; 3,690 km natural gas
Ports
6 major, 17 minor
Railroads
439 km total; 260 km 1.435meter standard gauge all single track, government owned; 179 km 1.435-meter gauge, privately owned
Telecommunications
modern expanding; 1.44 million telephones (9.5 per 100 popl.); 178 AM, 42 shortwave, 62 TV stations; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station with 2 antennas, 3 domestic satellite stations
Military and Security
Branches
Ground Forces, Naval Forces (Marines, Coast Guard), Air Forces, Armed Forces of Cooperation (National Guard)
Military manpower
males 15-49, 4,633,000; 3,371,000 fit for military service; 199,000 reach military age (18) annually