2019 Edition

Background

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967 and its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. Since 2007, President GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has since held multiple presidential and legislative elections deemed generally free and fair by international observers. Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of violent protest by frustrated citizens. Recent constitutional changes to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and establish term limits has not reduced the resentment many Togolese feel after over 50 years of one-family rule.

Area

Land

54,385 sq km

Total

56,785 sq km

Water

2,400 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline

56 km

Elevation

Highest Point

Mont Agou 986 m

Lowest Point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Mean Elevation

236 m

Environment Current Issues

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; very little rain forest still present and what remains is highly degraded; desertification; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

Environment International Agreements

Party To

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed But Not Ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography Note

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated Land

70 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

Border Countries

Benin 651 km, Burkina Faso 131 km, Ghana 1098 km

Total

1,880 km

Land Use

Agricultural Land

67.4% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Arable Land

45.2% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Crops

3.8% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Pasture

18.4% (2011 est.)

Forest

4.9% (2011 est.)

Other

27.7% (2011 est.)

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map References

Africa

Maritime Claims

Exclusive Economic Zone

200 nm

Territorial Sea

30 nm

Natural Hazards

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural Resources

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Population Distribution

one of the more densely populated African nations with most of the population residing in rural communities, density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Age Structure

0 14 Years

40.13% (male 1,646,438 /female 1,634,609)

15 24 Years

19.1% (male 779,774 /female 782,192)

25 54 Years

32.96% (male 1,339,150 /female 1,356,020)

55 64 Years

4.34% (male 167,575 /female 187,432)

65 Years And Over

3.46% (male 122,175 /female 161,084) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

32.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children Under The Age Of 5 Years Underweight

16.1% (2014)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

19.9% (2013/14)

Current Health Expenditure

6.6% (2016)

Death Rate

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Demographic Profile

Togo’s population is estimated to have grown to four times its size between 1960 and 2010. With nearly 60% of its populace under the age of 25 and a high annual growth rate attributed largely to high fertility, Togo’s population is likely to continue to expand for the foreseeable future. Reducing fertility, boosting job creation, and improving education will be essential to reducing the country’s high poverty rate. In 2008, Togo eliminated primary school enrollment fees, leading to higher enrollment but increased pressure on limited classroom space, teachers, and materials. Togo has a good chance of achieving universal primary education, but educational quality, the underrepresentation of girls, and the low rate of enrollment in secondary and tertiary schools remain concerns.Togo is both a country of emigration and asylum. In the early 1990s, southern Togo suffered from the economic decline of the phosphate sector and ethnic and political repression at the hands of dictator Gnassingbe EYADEMA and his northern, Kabye-dominated administration. The turmoil led 300,000 to 350,000 predominantly southern Togolese to flee to Benin and Ghana, with most not returning home until relative stability was restored in 1997. In 2005, another outflow of 40,000 Togolese to Benin and Ghana occurred when violence broke out between the opposition and security forces over the disputed election of EYADEMA’s son Faure GNASSINGBE to the presidency. About half of the refugees reluctantly returned home in 2006, many still fearing for their safety. Despite ethnic tensions and periods of political unrest, Togo in September 2017 was home to more than 9,600 refugees from Ghana.

Dependency Ratios

Elderly Dependency Ratio

5.1 (2015 est.)

Potential Support Ratio

19.8 (2015 est.)

Total Dependency Ratio

81.2 (2015 est.)

Youth Dependency Ratio

76.2 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved Rural

44.2% of population

Improved Total

63.1% of population

Improved Urban

91.4% of population

Unimproved Rural

55.8% of population

Unimproved Total

36.9% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

8.6% of population

Education Expenditures

5% of GDP (2016)

Ethnic Groups

Adja-Ewe/Mina 42.4%, Kabye/Tem 25.9%, Para-Gourma/Akan 17.1%, Akposso/Akebu 4.1%, Ana-Ife 3.2%, other Togolese 1.7%, foreigners 5.2%, no response .4% (2013-14 est.)

HIV/AIDS Adult Prevalence Rate

2.3% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS Deaths

3,800 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS People Living With HIV/AIDS

110,000 (2018 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant Mortality Rate

Female

34.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

47.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

40.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Female

68.6 years

Male

63.1 years

Total Population

65.8 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Female

51.2% (2015)

Male

77.3%

Total Population

63.7%

Major Infectious Diseases

Animal Contact Diseases

rabies (2016)

Degree Of Risk

very high (2016)

Food Or Waterborne Diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)

Respiratory Diseases

meningococcal meningitis (2016)

Vectorborne Diseases

malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever (2016)

Water Contact Diseases

schistosomiasis (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

1.785 million LOME (capital) (2019)

Maternal Mortality Rate

396 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median Age

Female

20.1 years

Male

19.6 years

Total

19.9 years (2018 est.)

Mother's Mean Age at First Birth

21 years (2013/14 est.)

Nationality

Adjective

Togolese

Noun

Togolese (singular and plural)

Net Migration Rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

8.4% (2016)

Physicians Density

0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population

8,176,449 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

2.61% (2018 est.)

Religions

Christian 43.7%, folk 35.6%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <.1%, Buddhist <.1%, Jewish <.1%, other .5%, none 6.2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved Rural

2.9% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Total

11.6% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Urban

24.7% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Rural

97.1% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Total

88.4% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

75.3% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

Female

11 years NA (2017)

Male

14 years NA

Total

13 years

Sex Ratio

0 14 Years

1.01 male(s)/female

15 24 Years

1 male(s)/female

25 54 Years

0.99 male(s)/female

55 64 Years

0.89 male(s)/female

65 Years And Over

0.76 male(s)/female

At Birth

1.03 male(s)/female

Total Population

0.98 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

4.32 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

Female

4.1% (2015 est.)

Male

3.7%

Total

3.9%

Urbanization

Rate Of Urbanization

3.76% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Urban Population

42.2% of total population (2019)

Administrative Divisions

5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes

Capital

Geographic Coordinates

6 07 N, 1 13 E

Name

Lome

Time Difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship By Birth

no

Citizenship By Descent Only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Togo

Dual Citizenship Recognized

yes

Residency Requirement For Naturalization

5 years

Constitution

Amendments

proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2007, 2019 when the National Assembly unanimously approved a package of amendments, including setting presidential term limits of two 5-year mandates (2019)

History

several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992

Country Name

Conventional Long Form

Togolese Republic

Conventional Short Form

Togo

Etymology

derived from the Ewe words "to" (river) and "godo" (on the other side) to give the sense of "on the other side of the river"; originally, this designation applied to the town of Togodo (now Togoville) on the northern shore of Lake Togo, but the name was eventually extended to the entire nation

Former

French Togoland

Local Long Form

Republique Togolaise

Local Short Form

none

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Eric W. STROHMAYER (since 11 April 2019)

Embassy

4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome

Fax

[228] 2261-5501

Mailing Address

B.P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300

Telephone

[228] 2261-5470

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

Chancery

2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Frederic Edem HEGBE (since 24 April 2017)

Fax

[1] (202) 232-3190

Telephone

[1] (202) 234-4212

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Chief Of State

President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005)

Election Results

Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE (ADDI) 4%, other 2%

Elections Appointments

president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 25 April 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister appointed by the president

Head Of Government

Acting Prime Minister Komi KLASSOU (since 5 June 2015)

Flag Description

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people, green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture, while yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence

Government Type

presidential republic

Independence

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International Law Organization Participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

International Organization Participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial Branch

Highest Courts

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)

Judge Selection And Term Of Office

Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA

Subordinate Courts

Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal

Legal System

customary law system

Legislative Branch

Description

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)

Election Results

percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 6, NET 3, MPDD 3, other 2, independent 18; composition - men 75, women 16, percent of women 17.6%

Elections

last held on 20 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023)

National Anthem

Lyrics Music

Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH

Name

"Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

National Symbol S

lion; national colors: green, yellow, red, white

Political Parties And Leaders

Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yaovi AGBOYIBO] Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE] Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON] Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON] National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE] New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA] Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM] Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO] Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA] The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO] Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO] Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget

Expenditures

1.203 billion (2017 est.)

Revenues

1.023 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

31 December 2009

4.25%

31 December 2010

2.5%

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

31 December 2015

8.29%

31 December 2016

5.3%

Current Account Balance

2016

-$416 million

2017

-$383 million

Debt External

31 December 2016

$1.22 billion

31 December 2017

$1.442 billion

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

2011

46

Economy Overview

Togo has enjoyed a period of steady economic growth fueled by political stability and a concerted effort by the government to modernize the country’s commercial infrastructure, but discontent with President Faure GNASSINGBE has led to a rapid rise in protests, creating downside risks. The country completed an ambitious large-scale infrastructure improvement program, including new principal roads, a new airport terminal, and a new seaport. The economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, providing employment for around 60% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton and other agricultural products generate about 20% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves, which provide more than 20% of export earnings.Supported by the World Bank and the IMF, the government's decade-long effort to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms, and in January 2017, the IMF signed an Extended Credit Facility arrangement consisting of a three-year $238 million loan package. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased transparency in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.Togo’s 2017 economic growth probably remained steady at 5.0%, largely driven by infusions of foreign aid, infrastructure investment in its port and mineral industry, and improvements in the business climate. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed in recent years.

Exchange Rates

2013

494.42

2014

591.45

2015

593.01

2016

593.01

2017

617.4

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

Exports

2016

$967.4 million

2017

$1.046 billion

Exports Commodities

reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports Partners

Benin 16.7%, Burkina Faso 15.2%, Niger 8.9%, India 7.3%, Mali 6.7%, Ghana 5.5%, Cote dIvoire 5.4%, Nigeria 4.1% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

GDP Composition By End Use

Exports Of Goods And Services

43.1% (2017 est.)

Government Consumption

11.4% (2017 est.)

Household Consumption

84.5% (2017 est.)

Imports Of Goods And Services

-61% (2017 est.)

Investment In Fixed Capital

23.4% (2017 est.)

Investment In Inventories

-1.4% (2017 est.)

GDP Composition By Sector Of Origin

Agriculture

28.8% (2017 est.)

Industry

21.8% (2017 est.)

Services

49.8% (2017 est.)

GDP Official Exchange Rate

$4.767 billion (2017 est.)

GDP Per Capita Ppp

2015

$1,600

2016

$1,600

2017

$1,700

GDP Purchasing Power Parity

2015

$11.82 billion

2016

$12.42 billion

2017

$12.97 billion

GDP Real Growth Rate

2015

5.7%

2016

5.1%

2017

4.4%

Gross National Saving

2015

21.2% of GDP

2016

21.8% of GDP

2017

16.1% of GDP

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

Highest 10

27.1% (2006)

Lowest 10

3.3%

Imports

2016

$2 billion

2017

$1.999 billion

Imports Commodities

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports Partners

China 27.5%, France 9.1%, Netherlands 4.4%, Japan 4.3% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

5% (2017 est.)

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

2016

0.9%

2017

-0.7%

Labor Force

2.595 million (2007 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

Agriculture

65%

Industry

5%

Services

30% (1998 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

NA

Population Below Poverty Line

55.1% (2015 est.)

Public Debt

2016

81.6% of GDP

2017

75.7% of GDP

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

31 December 2016

$42.6 million

31 December 2017

$77.8 million

Stock Of Broad Money

31 December 2016

$1.119 billion

31 December 2017

$1.335 billion

Stock Of Domestic Credit

31 December 2016

$1.624 billion

31 December 2017

$1.95 billion

Stock Of Narrow Money

31 December 2016

$1.119 billion

31 December 2017

$1.335 billion

Taxes And Other Revenues

21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2016

6.9%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

2.651 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification Rural Areas

16% (2017)

Electrification Total Population

36% (2017)

Electrification Urban Areas

64% (2017)

Population Without Electricity

5 million (2017)

Electricity Consumption

1.261 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

70% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

29% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

1.14 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

230,000 kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

232.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

15,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

13,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

1 (2017 est.)

Total

45,756

Broadcast Media

1 state-owned TV station with multiple transmission sites; five private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with two stations (in Lome and Kara); several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)

Internet Country Code

.tg

Internet Users

Percent Of Population

11.3% (July 2016 est.)

Total

877,310

Telephone System

Domestic

fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular 78 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating (2018)

General Assessment

fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system; (2018)

International

country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie; West Africa Cable System (WACS), linking countries along the west coast of Africa with each other and with Portugal and the United Kingdom; GLO-1, linking countries along the west coast of Africa to each other and to Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom

Telephones Fixed Lines

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

less than 1 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

36,111

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

78 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

6,219,981

Airports

8 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

2 438 To 3 047 M

2 (2013)

Total

2 (2013)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

914 To 1 523 M

4 (2013)

Total

6 (2013)

Under 914 M

2 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

5V (2016)

Merchant Marine

By Type

bulk carrier 7, container ship 4, general cargo 215, oil tanker 42, other 59 (2018)

Total

327

National Air Transport System

Annual Freight Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

0 mt-km (2015)

Annual Passenger Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

769,904 (2015)

Inventory Of Registered Aircraft Operated By Air Carriers

8 (2015)

Number Of Registered Air Carriers

1 (2015)

Pipelines

62 km gas

Ports And Terminals

Kpeme, Lome

Railways

Narrow Gauge

568 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)

Total

568 km (2014)

Waterways

50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011)

Military And Security Forces

Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army (l'Armee de Terre), Togolese Navy (Forces Naval Togolaises), Togolese Air Force (Armee de l&rsquo;Air), National Gendarmerie (2018)

Military Expenditures

2014

1.8% of GDP

2015

1.68% of GDP

2016

1.85% of GDP

2017

1.89% of GDP

2018

1.97% of GDP

Military Service Age And Obligation

18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; currently the military is only an all-volunteer force (2017)

Disputes International

in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River

Illicit Drugs

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

9,768 (Ghana) (2019)