1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — groundnuts, millet, sorghum, rice, maize, palm kernels, cotton

food deficit area; main crops — potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats

main crops — grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (197082), $200 million; US (FY70-83), $42 million

donor — bilateral economic aid commitments (ODA and OOF), $39.2 billion (197082)

Airfields

78 total, 76 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

1 usable with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m

479 total, 442 usable; 232 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie

Cabinet of 13 members; unicameral legislative (43-member House of Representatives), in which four seats are reserved for tribal chiefs, four seats are government appointed, 35 are filled by election for five-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary

Army, paramilitary Gendarmerie

unicameral legislature (People's Chamber — Volkskammer, elected directly); executive (Council of State, Council of Ministers); judiciary (Supreme Court); entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party

National People's Army, Border Troops, Ministry of State Security Guard Regiment, Air and Air Defense Command, People's Navy

bicameral parliament — Bundesrat (Federal Council, upper house), Bundestag (National Assembly, lower house); President (titular head of state), Chancellor (executive head of government); independent judiciary

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(1982-83 est.) revenues $44.2 million, current expenditures $34.90 million, development expenditures $19.7 million

(1983) federal government expenditures, $97.4 billion; revenues, $84.9 billion; deficit, $12.5 billion

Capital

Banjul

East Berlin (not officially recognized by US, UK, and France, which together with the USSR have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin)

Bonn

Civil air

12 major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

194 major transport aircraft

CNP

$655.5 billion (1983), $10,672 per capita (1982); 56.3% private consumption, 20.4% public consumption, 17.5% private investment, 30% public investment, 0.4% inventory change, 2.4% net foreign balance; growth rate 1.1% (1982, at 1976 prices); growth rate 1.3% (1983, at 1976 prices)

Coastline

80 km People

901 km (including islands) People

1,488 km (approx.) People

Communists

no Communist party German Democratic Republic

about 40,000 members and supporters

Crude steel

7.2 million metric tons produced (1983), approx. 432 kg per capita

50-60 million metric tons capacity; 35.7 million metric tons produced (1983), 580 kg per capita

Elections

general election held May 1982; PPP 37 seats, NCP 3 seats, independents 2 seats

national every five years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary election held 14 June 1981, and local elections held 6 May 1984 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party of Germany (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; four token parties (Christian Democratic Union, Na- ' tional Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasants' Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front

national election generally held every four years; last held on 6 March 1983 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Stoltenberg, Ernst Albrecht, Alfred Dregger, Lother Spaeth; Christian Social Union (CSU), Franz Josef Strauss, Edmund Stoiber, Friedrich Zimmermann, Theo Waigel; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Martin BanqeMann, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Wolfgang Mischnick; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans-Jochen Vogel, Johannes Rau, Hans Apel, Horst Ehmke; National Germany, Federal Republic of (continued) Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies; Green Party (Greens), Petra Kelly, Otto Schily, Roland Vogt

Electric power

30,000 kW capacity (1984); 64 million kWh produced (1984), 88 kWh per capita

23,010,000 kW capacity (1984); 113.568 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,793 kWh per capita

93,095,000 kW capacity (1984); 394. 1 15 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,420 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

90% African (37.7% Mandinka 16.2% Fula, 14% Wolof, 8.5% Jola, 7.8% Serahuli, 5.3% other); 10.5% non-Gambian

99.7% German, 0.3% Slavic and other

primarily German; Danish minority

Exports

$66 million (f.o.b., FY84 est.) peanuts and peanut products, fish, palm kernels

$31.5 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1983)

$168.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); manufactures 84.7% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.5%, fuels 3.3%, raw materials 2.8%, other 3.7%

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

same as calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 9,704 metric tons (1982)

catch 265,015 metric tons (1983)

catch 274,000 metric tons, $126.9 million (1983); exports $228.9 million, imports $625.9 million (1982)

Freight carried

rail — 325.6 million metric tons, 54.9 billion metric ton/km (1983); highway— 584.1 million metric tons, 15.4 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway — 17.5 million metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1983)

GNP

$154.8 billion (1983), $9,270 per capita; 1983 growth rate 2.0%

Government leader

Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA, President (since February 1965) Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), secretary general, Dawda K. Jawara; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff Dibba

Government leaders

Erich HONECKER, Chairman, Council of State (Head of State; since October 1976); Willi STOPH, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier; since October 1976)

Richard von WEIZSACKER, President (since July 1984); Dr. Helmut KOHL, Chancellor (since October 1982)

Highways

7,393 km total; 300 km paved, 3,493 km gravel and improved and 3,600 km unimproved

3,083 km total; 431 km paved, 501 km gravel/laterite, and 2,151 km unimproved earth

120,455 km total; 47,455 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,887 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 73,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1982)

466,305 km total; 169,568 km classified, includes 6,435 km autobahn, 32,460 km national highways (Bundesstrassen), 65,425 km state highways (Landesstrassen), 65,248 km county roads (Kreisstrassen), and 296,737 km of unclassified communal roads (Gemeindestrassen)

Imports

$87 million (f.o.b., FY84 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products, chemicals

$30.2 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1983)

$152.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manufactures 55.4%, fuels 21.3%, agricultural products 12.4%, raw materials 8.2%, other 2.6%

Inland waterways

approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable

400 km

2,319 km (1983)

5,222 km, of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990 metric ton capacity or larger

Labor force

378,850(1980 est); 75% agriculture; 18.9% industry, commerce, and services; 6.1% government

8.87 million; 37.9% industry, 20.7% services, 10.7% commerce, 10. 1% agriculture, 7.4% transport and communications, 6.9% construction, 3.1% handicrafts, 3.2% other (1983)

25.668 million (1982); 33.8% manufacturing, 29.2% services, 16.8% government, 5.9% construction, 5.4% agriculture, 1.7% other; 9.2% unemployed (February 1985)

Land boundaries

740 km Water

2,309 km Water

4,232 km Water

Language

English (official); Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority

German

Legal system

based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 and 1979

civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

12 nm (200 nm fishing zone)

3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Literacy

about 15%

99% German Democratic Republic (continued)

99%

Major industries

peanut processing, brewing, soft drinks, agricultural machinery assembly, small woodworking and metalworking, clothing

metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, shipbuilding

among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles, machine tools

Major trade partners

exports — mainly EC, Africa; imports — EC, Africa

65.2% Socialist countries, 29.4% developed West, 5.4% less developed countries

(1983) EC 47.1% (France 12.9%, Netherlands 8.8%, UK 8.1%, Italy 7.5%, Belgium-Luxembourg 7.3%,), other Europe 19.1%, US 7.6%, OPEC 7.2%, Communist 5.3%

Member of

Af BD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IMF, IMO, IRC, ITU, NAM, OAU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP. $138 million (1984), about $190 per capita; real growth rate 13.4% (FY83)

CEMA, IAEA, ICES, ILO, IMO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $73.4 million; 4.9% of central government budget 70km Sec regional m*p VII Land 11,295 kmz; twice the size of Delaware; 55% upland cultivable, built on, and other; 25% uncultivated savanna; 16% swamp; 4% forest park

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $2.4 million; 6.2% of central government budget; includes fire and police expenditures Baltic Set The final borders of Germany have not been established Seerefionil map V Land 108,178 km2; the size of Virginia; 43% arable, 27% forest, 15% meadow and pasture, 15% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 12.2 billion marks; 5.8% of total budget 200km Baltic Set The final borders ol Germany have not been established S«« ref lonil map V Land 248,577 km2 (including West Berlin); the size of Wyoming; 33% cultivated, 29% forest, 23% meadow and pasture, 13% waste or urban, 2% inland water

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $22.1 billion; almost 22.9% of the proposed central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 234,000; 121,000 fit for military service; 7,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 167,000; 85,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 4,318,000; 3,460,000 fit for military service; 121,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 16,595,000; 13,858,000 fit for military service; 525,000 reach military age ( 1 8) annually

Monetary conversion rate

1 dalasi=US$4.28 (December 1984)

2.60 ostmarks=US$l (June 1984)

3.07 marks=US$l (October 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 18 February

Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October

Nationality

noun — Gambian(s); adjective — Gambian

noun — German(s); adjective — German

noun— German(s); adjective — German

Official name

Republic of The Gambia

German Democratic Repub-

Federal Republic of Germany

Organized labor

25-30% of wage labor force at most Government

87.7% of total labor force Government

37% of total labor force; 46.4% of wage and salary earners (1982) Government

Other political or pressure groups

expellee, refugee, and veterans groups

Other special interest groups

Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated)

Pipelines

crude oil, 270 km

crude oil, 1,200 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas 1,500 km

crude oil, 2,343 km; refined products, 3,389 km; natural gas, 95,414 km

Political subdivisions

Banjul and five divisions

(excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,600 communities (Gemeinden)

10 Lander (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by US, UK, and France, which, together with the USSR, have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin

Population

751,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.5%

16,701,000, including East Berlin (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.0%

61,132,000, including West Berlin (July 1985), average annual growth rate-0.2%

Ports

2 major (Owendo and Port-Gentil), 3 minor

1 major (Banjul)

4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland waterway ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, Magdeburg, and Eisenhuttenstadt

10 major, 11 minor

Railroads

970 km 1.437-meter standard gauge under construction; 180 km are completed

none

14,226 km total; 13,933 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 293 km 1.000-meter or other narrow gauge, 3,830 (est.) km 1.435meter double track standard gauge; 2,096 km overhead electrified (1983)

32,555 km total; 28,5&3 km 1.435meter government owned, standard gauge, 12,491 km double track; 11,140km electrified; 4,022 km nongovernment owned; 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 214 km electrified, 424 km 1.000-meter gauge; 186 km electrified

Religion

85% Muslim, 14% Christian, 1% indigenous beliefs

47% Protestant, 7% Roman Catholic, 46% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics active participants

45% Roman Catholic, 44% Protestant, 11% other

Ships

12 principal surface combatants, 6 patrol combatants, 12 amphibious warfare ships, 82 coastal patrol river/roadstead craft, 30 mine warfare craft, 6 underway replenishment ships, 2 fleet support ships, 30 other auxiliaries

Shortages

grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef, coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals

fats and oils, pulses, tropical products, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur

Suffrage

universal adult over 21

all citizens age 18 and over

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

adequate system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 6 AM, 6 FM, 8 TV stations; 11,600 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.) Defense Forces

adequate network of radio relay and wire; 3,500 telephones (0.5 per 100 poph); 2 FM, 3 AM , no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

3.441 million telephones in use (1983) Germany, Federal Republic of Defense Forces

highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 31.37 million telephones (51 per 100 popl.); 77 AM, 392 FM, and 6,030 TV stations; 6 submarine coaxial cables; 2 satellite stations with total of 7 antennas Defense Forces

Type

republic; independent since February 1965 (The Gambia and Senegal in early 1982 formed a loose confederation named Senegambia, which calls for the integration of their armed forces, economies and monetary systems, and foreign policies)

Communist state

federal republic

Voting strength

1984 parliamentary elections and 1979 local elections; over 99% voted the regime slate Communists.- 2. 1 million party members

(1983 election) 48.8% CDU/CSU (CDU 38.2%, CSU 10.6%), 38.2% SPD, 6.9% FDP, 5.6% Greens, .5% other