1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — rice, sugar, corn, rubber, manioc

Area

181,035 km2; the size of Missouri; 74% forest; 16% cultivated; 10% built on, waste, and other

514,820 km2; about the size of Texas; 56% forest, 24% farm, 20% other

Branches

Cabinet, State Presidium, and some form of People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Cambodia; People's Revolutionary Council, various ministries, and a "National Congress" held in early 1979 and a second time in September 1979 in PRK

King is head of state with nominal powers; bicameral legislature (National Assembly— Senate appointed by King, elected House of Representatives); judiciary relatively independent except in important political subversive cases

Budget

(FY83) estimate of expenditures, $7.7 billion

Capital

Phnom Penh

Bangkok

Coastline

about 443 km People

3,219 km People

Communists

strength of illegal Communist Party is about 1,000; Thai Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total an estimated 7,000, perhaps as low as 2,000

Elections

last held April 1983

Electric power

4,976,000 kW capacity (1984); 19.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 370 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities

75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% other

Exports

$6.3 billion (f .o.b., 1983); rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, kenaf

Fiscal year

1 October-30 September Communications

Fishing

catch 1.9 million metric tons (1982); major fishery export, shrimp, 20,150 metric tons, about $138 million (1983)

GNP

$40.3 billion (1983), $790 per capita; 5.8% real growth in 1983 (8.2% real growth, 1975-79)

Government leaders

CGDK — Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, President (since June 1982); SON SANN, Prime Minister; KHIEU SAMPHAN, Vice President (since December 1979); PRK— HENG SAMRIN, President (since January 1979); HUN SEN, Foreign Minister (since January 1979)

BHUMIBOL ADULYADEJ, King (since June 1946); Gen. (Ret.) PREM TINSULANONDA, Prime Minister (since March 1980)

Imports

$10.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertil-

Labor force

23.4 million (1981 est); 76% agriculture, 9% industry and commerce, 9% services, 6% government Government

Land boundaries

2,438 km Water

4,868 km Water

Language

Khmer (official), French

Thai; English secondary language of elite; ethnic and regional dialects

Legal system

Judicial Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Cambodia; no information for PRK

based on civil law system, with influences of common law; legal education at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Literacy

48% Government

84%

Major industries

agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products, cement, tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer

Major trade partners

exports — Japan, US, Singapore, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malaysia; imports — Japan, US, FRG, UK, Singapore, Saudi Arabia; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK

ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Association of Tin Producing Countries, Colombo Plan, GATT, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Monetary conversion rate

27 baht=US$l (November 1984)

National holiday

17 April for both regimes

Birthday of the King, 5 December

Nationality

noun — Cambodian(s); adjective— Cambodian

noun — Thai (sing, and pi.); adjective— Thai

Official name

Coalition Government of Democratic Cambodia (CGDK; composed of three resistance groups deployed along the Thai border); People's Republic of Cambodia (PRK; pro-Vietnamese, in Phnom Penh)

Kingdom of Thailand

Political parties

Social Action Party, Thai Nation Party, Thai People's Party, Thai Citizen Party, Democrat Party, Freedom and Justice Party, Nation and People Party, New Force Party, National Democracy Party; other small parties represented in parliament along with numerous independents

Political subdivisions

19 provinces

73 centrally controlled provinces

Population

6,249,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1%

52,700,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.9%

Railroads

3,800 km 1.000-meter gauge, 97 km double track; 140 km 1.000-meter gauge under construction from Chachoeng Sao to Sattahip

Religion

95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other

95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% other

Shortages

fuel sources, including coal and petroleum; scrap iron; and fertilizer

Suffrage

universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: CGDK — Democratic Cambodia Khmer Communist Party disbanded December 1981, though chief political figure still former party chairman Pol Pot, Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia under Prince Norodom Sihanouk; PRK — Cambodian Peoples Revolutionary Party, the Communist party installed by Vietnam in 1979, and Cambodian United Front for National Construction and Defense (KUFNCD)

universal at age 20

Type

CGDK is nationalist coalition of one Communist and two non-Communist factions; PRK is Communist

constitutional monarchy