1991 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1991 (Project Gutenberg)
Introduction
Administrative divisions
the authorities in Taipei claim to be the government of all China; in keeping with that claim, the central administrative divisions include 2 provinces (sheng, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural)--Fu-chien (some 20 offshore islands of Fujian Province including Quemoy and Matsu), Kao-hsiung*, T'ai-pei*, and Taiwan (the island of Taiwan and the Pescadores islands); the more commonly referenced administrative divisions are those of Taiwan Province--16 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 5 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural), and 2 special municipalities** (chuan-shih, singular and plural); Chang-hua, Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin; the provincial capital is at Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un; note--Taiwan uses the Wade-Giles system for romanization
Capital
Taipei
Constitution
25 December 1947, presently undergoing revision
Diplomatic representation
none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Coordination Council for North American Affairs (CCNAA) with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 10 other US cities with all addresses and telephone numbers NA; US--unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), which has offices in Taipei at #7 Lane 134, telephone [886] (2) 709-2000, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road, telephone [886] (7) 224-0154 through 0157, and the American Trade Center at Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] (2) 720-1550
Elections
President--last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results--President LI Teng-hui was reelected by the National Assembly; Vice President--last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results--LI Yuan-zu was elected by the National Assembly; Legislative Yuan--last held 2 December 1989 (next to be held December 1992); results--KMT 65%, DPP 33%, independents 2%; seats--(304 total, 102 elected) KMT 78, DPP 21, independents 3; National Assembly:--originally elected in November 1947 (last supplementary election in December 1986; Assembly will be completely reelected in December 1991)
Executive branch
president, vice president, premier of the Executive Yuan, vice premier of the Executive Yuan, Executive Yuan
Flag
red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
Judicial branch
Judicial Yuan
Leaders
Chief of State--President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988); Vice President LI Yuan-zu (since 20 May 1990); Head of Government--Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) HAO Po-ts'un (since 2 May 1990); Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) SHIH Ch'i-yang (since NA July 1988)
Legal system
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch
unicameral Legislative Yuan
Long-form name
none
Member of
expelled from UN General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; expelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; seeking to join GATT; attempting to retain membership in INTELSAT; suspended from IAEA in 1972, but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development; AsDB, ICC, ICFTU, IOC
National holiday
National Day (Anniversary of the Revolution), 10 October (1911)
Political parties and leaders
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party and Young China Party controlled by Kuomintang; Democratic Progressive Party (DPP); Labor Party; 27 other minor parties
Suffrage
universal at age 20
Type
one-party presidential regime; opposition political parties legalized in March, 1989
Geography
Climate
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Coastline
1,448 km
Comparative area
slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Disputes
involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai) claimed by China and Taiwan
Environment
subject to earthquakes and typhoons
Land boundaries
none
Land use
arable land 24%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 5%; forest and woodland 55%; other 15%; irrigated 14%
Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm
Natural resources
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Terrain
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Total area
35,980 km2; land area: 32,260 km2; includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy
People and Society
Birth rate
16 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate
5 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Ethnic divisions
Taiwanese 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
Infant mortality rate
6 deaths/1,000 live births (19901
Labor force
7,900,000; industry and commerce 53%, services 22%, agriculture 15.6%, civil administration 7% (1989)
Language
Mandarin Chinese (official); Taiwanese and Hakka dialects also used
Life expectancy at birth
72 years male, 78 years female (1991)
Literacy
91.2% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Nationality
noun--Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective--Chinese
Net migration rate
NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Organized labor
1,300,000 or about 18.4% (government controlled) (1983)
Population
20,658,702 (July 1991), growth rate 1.1% (1991)
Religion
mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Total fertility rate
1.8 children born/woman (1991)
Economy
Agriculture
accounts for 4% of GNP and 16% of labor force (includes part-time farmers); heavily subsidized sector; major crops--vegetables, rice, fruit, tea; livestock--hogs, poultry, beef, milk, cattle; not self-sufficient in wheat, soybeans, corn; fish catch increasing, 1.4 million metric tons (1988)
Budget
revenues $30.3 billion; expenditures $30.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY91 est.)
Currency
New Taiwan dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents
Economic aid
US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $445 million
Electricity
17,000,000 kW capacity; 68,000 million kWh produced, 3,310 kWh per capita (1990)
Exchange rates
New Taiwan dollars per US$1--27.2 (January 1991), 27.243 (November 1990), 26.407 (1989), 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987), 37.838 (1986), 39.849 (1985)
Exports
$67.2 billion (f.o.b., 1990); commodities--textiles 15.6%, electrical machinery 18.2%, general machinery and equipment 14.8%, basic metals and metal products 7.8%, foodstuffs 1.7%, plywood and wood products 1.6% (1989); partners--US 36.2%, Japan 13.7% (1989)
External debt
$1.1 billion (December 1990 est.)
Fiscal year
1 July-30 June
GNP
$150.8 billion, per capita $7,380; real growth rate 5.2% (1990)
Imports
$54.7 billion (c.i.f., 1990); commodities--machinery and equipment 15.3%, crude oil 5%, chemical and chemical products 11.1%, basic metals 13.0%, foodstuffs 2.2% (1989); partners--Japan 31%, US 23%, FRG 5% (1989)
Industrial production
growth rate 4.7% (1990 est.)
Industries
electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.4% (1990)
Overview
Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Agriculture contributes about 4% to GNP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries.
Unemployment rate
1.7% (1990)
Communications
Airports
38 total, 37 usable; 33 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Highways
20,041 km total; 17,095 km bituminous or concrete, 2,371 km crushed stone or gravel, 575 km graded earth
Merchant marine
226 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,557,167 GRT/9,153,646 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 52 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 75 container, 15 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 62 bulk
Pipelines
615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas
Ports
Kao-hsiung, Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Su-ao, T'ai-tung
Railroads
about 4,600 km total track with 1,075 km common carrier lines and 3,525 km industrial lines; common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708 km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection is under construction; common carrier lines owned by the government and operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises
Telecommunications
best developed system in Asia outside of Japan; 7,800,000 telephones; extensive microwave transmission links on east and west coasts; stations--91 AM, 23 FM, 15 TV (13 relays); 8,620,000 radios; 6,386,000 TVs (5,680,000 color, 706,000 monochrome); earth stations--1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cable links to Japan (Okinawa), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
Military and Security
Branches
Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, Taiwan Garrison Command, Ministry of National Defense
Defense expenditures
$9.10 billion, 4.5% of GDP (FY91) _%_ Appendix A: The United Nations System The UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate agencies and bodies as follows: 1) Secretariat 2) General Assembly: UNCHS United Nations Center for Human Settlements (Habitat) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations Office of High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSF United Nations Special Fund UNU United Nations University WFC World Food Council WFP World Food Program 3) Security Council: UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization 4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Specialized agencies FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Related organizations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Regional commissions ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Functional commissions Commission on Human Rights Commission on Narcotic Drugs Commission for Social Development Commission on the Status of Women Population Commission Statistical Commission 5) Trusteeship Council 6) International Court of Justice (ICJ) ========================================================================= Appendix B: Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa ACC Arab Cooperation Council ACCT Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries AfDB African Development Bank AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AG Andean Group AL Arab League ALADI Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) AMF Arab Monetary Fund AMU Arab Maghreb Union ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation AsDB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BAD Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development Bank (AfDB) BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) Benelux Benelux Economic Union BID Banco Interamericano de Desarvollo; see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) BIS Bank for International Settlements BOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African Development Bank (WADB) C Commonwealth CACM Central American Common Market CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market CCC Customs Cooperation Council CDB Caribbean Development Bank CE Council of Europe CEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West African Economic Community (CEAO) CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) CG Contadora Group CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export Controls Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991 CP Colombo Plan CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DC developed country EADB East African Development Bank EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank Entente Council of the Entente ESA European Space Agency ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FLS Front Line States FZ Franc Zone G-2 Group of 2 G-3 Group of 3 G-5 Group of 5 G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six) G-7 Group of 7 G-8 Group of 8 G-9 Group of 9 G-10 Group of 10 G-11 Group of 11 G-19 Group of 19 G-24 Group of 24 G-30 Group of 30 G-33 Group of 33 G-77 Group of 77 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Habitat see United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS) IADB Inter-American Development Bank IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBEC International Bank for Economic Cooperation IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICJ International Court of Justice ICM Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDA International Development Association IDB Islamic Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development IIB International Investment Bank ILO International Labor Organization IMCO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization IOC International Olympic Committee IOM International Organization for Migration ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU International Telecommunication Union LAES Latin American Economic System LAIA Latin American Integration Association LAS League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL) LDC less developed country LLDC least developed country LORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies NAM Nonaligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NC Nordic Council NEA Nuclear Energy Agency NIB Nordic Investment Bank NIC newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing economy (NIE) NIE newly industrializing economy OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference OPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration RG Rio Group SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SACU Southern African Customs Union SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Conference SELA Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American Economic System (LAES) SPC South Pacific Commission SPF South Pacific Forum UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) UN United Nations UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNCHS United National Center for Human Settlements (also known as Habitat) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN Population Fund (UNFPA) UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; see United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UPU Universal Postal Union USSR/EE USSR/Eastern Europe WADB West African Development Bank WCL World Confederation of Labor WEU Western European Union WFC World Food Council WFP World Food Program WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WP Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance) WTO World Tourism Organization note: not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations ========================================================================= Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------
International Olympic Committee (IOC) established--23 June 1894; aim--to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games
1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France (8-23 February); 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain (25 July-9 August); 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway (12-27 February); 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August): 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA); members--(165) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manpower availability
males 15-49, 5,874,345; 4,577,294 fit for military service; about 187,807 currently reach military age (19) annually
World Tourism Organization (WTO) established--2 January 1975; aim--promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace; members--(104) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, B
Weights and Measures Mathematical Notation Mathematical Power Name _________________________________________________________________________ 10 +18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion 10 +15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion 10 +12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 10 +9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion 10 +6 or 1,000,000 one million 10 +3 or 1,000 one thousand 10 +2 or 100 one hundred 10 +1 or 10 ten 10 +0 or 1 one 10 -1 or 0.1 one tenth 10 -2 or 0.01 one hundredth 10 -3 or 0.001 one thousandth 10 -6 or 0.000 001 one millionth 10 -9 or 0.000 000 001 one billionth 10 -12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one trillionth 10 -15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one quadrillionth 10 -18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one quintillionth ========================================================================= Metric Interrelationships Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers) _________________________________________________________________________ Length, weight, Prefix Symbol capacity Area Volume ------------------------------------------------------------------------- exa E 10 +18 10 +36 10 +54 peta P 10 +15 10 +30 10 +45 tera T 10 +12 10 +24 10 +36 giga G 10 +9 10 +18 10 +27 mega M 10 +6 10 +12 10 +18 hectokilo hk 10 +5 10 +10 10 +15 myria ma 10 +4 10 +8 10 +12 kilo k 10 +3 10 +6 10 +9 hecto h 10 +2 10 +4 10 +6 deka da 10 +1 10 +2 10 +3 basic unit - 1 meter, 1 meter2 1 meter3 1 gram, 1 liter deci d 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 centi c 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 milli m 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 decimilli dm 10 -4 10 -8 10 -12 centimilli cm 10 -5 10 -10 10 -15 micro u 10 -6 10 -12 10 -18 nano n 10 -9 10 -18 10 -27 pico p 10 -12 10 -24 10 -36 femto f 10 -15 10 -30 10 -45 atto a 10 -18 10 -36 10 -54 ======================================================================== EQUIVALENTS The exponents 2 and 3 are used for square and cubic, respectively. Unit Metric Equivalent US Equivalent _________________________________________________________________________ acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet2 acre 4,046,856 4 meters2 4,840 yards2 acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles2, kilometers2 statute are 100 meters2 119.599 yards2 barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons (proof spirits, US) 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons (beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms chain (surveyor's) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters3 128 feet3 cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US) degrees, celsius (water boils at 100 multiply by 1.8 and add degrees C, freezes at 32 to obtain degrees F 0 degrees C) degrees, fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide (water boils at 212 by 1.8 to obtain degrees F, freezes at degrees C 32 degrees F) dram, avoirdupois 1.771 845 2 grams 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles, statute foot2 929.030 4 centimeters2 144 inches2 foot 2 0.092 903 04 meters2 0.111 111 1 yards2 foot3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons foot3 0.028 316 847 meters3 1,728 inches3 furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces, advp. gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces, advp. hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches hectare 10,000 meters2 2.471 053 8 acres hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avoirdupois hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avoirdupois inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet inch2 6.451 6 centimeters2 0.006 944 44 feet2 inch3 16.387 064 centimeters3 0.000 578 7 feet3 inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds, avoirdupois kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles, statute kilometer2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres kilometer2 1,000,000 meters2 0.386 102 16 miles2, statute knot (1 nautical mi/hr) 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour league, nautical 5.559 552 kilometers 3 miles, nautical league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute link (surveyor's) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches liter 0.001 meters3 61.023 74 inches3 liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards meter2 10,000 centimeters2 1.195 990 yards2 meter3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards3 micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles, statute mile2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers2 1.325 miles2, statute mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs mile2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section mile2, statute 2.589 988 11 kilometers2 0.755 miles2, nautical minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid ounce, avoirdupois 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches pound, avoirdupois 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avourdupois pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp. rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers2 1 mile2, statute or 640 acres span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches stere 1 meter3 1.307 95 yards3 tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons ton, long or deadweight 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 32,150.75 ounces, troy ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters3 100 feet3 ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avoirdupois township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers2 36 miles2, statute yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet yard2 0.836 127 36 meters2 9 feet2 yard3 0.764 554 86 meters3 27 feet3 yard3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons ========================================================================= Appendix E: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names This list indicates where various names including all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are not necessarily those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses; additional information is included in brackets. Name Entry in The World Factbook Abidjan [US Embassy] Ivory Coast Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] United Arab Emirates Acapulco [US Consular Agency] Mexico Accra [US Embassy] Ghana Adana [US Consulate] Turkey Addis Ababa [US Embassy] Ethiopia Adelaide [US Consular Agency] Australia Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) Antarctica [claimed by France] Aden Yemen Aden, Gulf of Indian Ocean Admiralty Islands Papua New Guinea Adriatic Sea Atlantic Ocean Aegean Islands Greece Aegean Sea Atlantic Ocean Afars and Issas, French Djibouti Territory of the (F.T.A.I.) Agalega Islands Mauritius Aland Islands Finland Alaska United States Alaska, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Aldabra Islands Seychelles Alderney Guernsey Aleutian Islands United States Alexander Island Antarctica Alexandria [US Consulate General] Egypt Algiers [US Embassy] Algeria Alhucemas, Penon de Spain Alphonse Island Seychelles Amami Strait Pacific Ocean Amindivi Islands India Amirante Isles Seychelles Amman [US Embassy] Jordan Amsterdam [US Consulate General] Netherlands Amsterdam Island French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Ile Amsterdam) Amundsen Sea Pacific Ocean Amur China; Soviet Union Andaman Islands India Andaman Sea Indian Ocean Anegada Passage Atlantic Ocean Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan Anjouan Comoros Ankara [US Embassy] Turkey Annobon Equatorial Guinea Antananarivo [US Embassy] Madagascar Antipodes Islands New Zealand Antwerp [US Consulate General] Belgium Aozou Strip [claimed by Libya] Chad Aqaba, Gulf of Indian Ocean Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Arafura Sea Pacific Ocean Argun China; Soviet Union Ascension Island Saint Helena Assumption Island Seychelles Asuncion [US Embassy] Paraguay Asuncion Island Northern Mariana Islands Atacama Chile Athens [US Embassy] Greece Attu United States Auckland [US Consulate General] New Zealand Auckland Islands New Zealand Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) French Polynesia Axel Heiberg Island Canada Azores Portugal Azov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean Bab el Mandeb Indian Ocean Babuyan Channel Pacific Ocean Babuyan Islands Philippines Baffin Bay Arctic Ocean Baffin Island Canada Baghdad [US Embassy] Iraq Balabac Strait Pacific Ocean Balearic Islands Spain Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic Ocean Bali [US Consular Agency] Indonesia Bali Sea Indian Ocean Balintang Channel Pacific Ocean Balintang Islands Philippines Balleny Islands Antarctica Balochistan Pakistan Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean Bamako [US Embassy] Mali Banaba (Ocean Island) Kiribati Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] Brunei Banda Sea Pacific Ocean Bangkok [US Embassy] Thailand Bangui [US Embassy] Central African Republic Banjul [US Embassy] Gambia, The Banks Island Canada Banks Islands (Iles Banks) Vanuatu Barcelona [US Consulate General] Spain Barents Sea Arctic Ocean Barranquilla [US Consulate] Colombia Bashi Channel Pacific Ocean Basilan Strait Pacific Ocean Bass Strait Indian Ocean Batan Islands Philippines Bavaria (Bayern) Germany Beagle Channel Atlantic Ocean Bear Island (Bjornoya) Svalbard Beaufort Sea Arctic Ocean Bechuanaland Botswana Beijing [US Embassy] China Beirut [US Embassy] Lebanon Belau Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the (Palau) Belem [US Consular Agency] Brazil Belep Islands (Iles Belep) New Caledonia Belfast [US Consulate General] United Kingdom Belgian Congo Zaire Belgrade [US Embassy] Yugoslavia Belize City [US Embassy] Belize Belle Isle, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Bellinghausen Sea Pacific Ocean Belmopan Belize Bengal, Bay of Indian Ocean Bering Sea Pacific Ocean Bering Strait Pacific Ocean Berkner Island Antarctica Berlin [US Branch Office] Germany Berlin, East Germany Berlin, West Germany Bern [US Embassy] Switzerland Bessarabia Romania; Soviet Union Bijagos, Arquipelago dos Guinea-Bissau Bikini Atoll Marshall Islands Bilbao [US Consulate] Spain Bioko Equatorial Guinea Biscay, Bay of Atlantic Ocean Bishop Rock United Kingdom Bismarck Archipelago Papua New Guinea Bismarck Sea Pacific Ocean Bissau [US Embassy] Guinea-Bissau Bjornoya (Bear Island) Svalbard Black Rock Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Black Sea Atlantic Ocean Boa Vista Cape Verde Bogota [US Embassy] Colombia Bombay [US Consulate General] India Bonaire Netherlands Antilles Bonifacio, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Bonin Islands Japan Bonn [US Embassy] Germany Bophuthatswana South Africa Bora-Bora French Polynesia Bordeaux [US Consulate General] France Borneo Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia Bornholm Denmark Bosporus Atlantic Ocean Bothnia, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Bougainville Island Papua New Guinea Bougainville Strait Pacific Ocean Bounty Islands New Zealand Brasilia [US Embassy] Brazil Brazzaville [US Embassy] Congo Bridgetown [US Embassy] Barbados Brisbane [US Consulate] Australia British East Africa Kenya British Guiana Guyana British Honduras Belize British Solomon Islands Solomon Islands British Somaliland Somalia Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission Belgium to European Communities, US Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (USNATO)] Bucharest [US Embassy] Romania Budapest [US Embassy] Hungary Buenos Aires [US Embassy] Argentina Bujumbura [US Embassy] Burundi Cabinda Angola Cabot Strait Atlantic Ocean Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Cairo [US Embassy] Egypt Calcutta [US Consulate General] India Calgary [US Consulate General] Canada California, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Campbell Island New Zealand Canal Zone Panama Canary Islands Spain Canberra [US Embassy] Australia Cancun [US Consular Agency] Mexico Canton (Guangzhou) China Canton Island Kiribati Cape Town [US Consulate General] South Africa Caracas [US Embassy] Venezuela Cargados Carajos Shoals Mauritius Caroline Islands Micronesia, Federated States of; Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean Carpentaria, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Casablanca [US Consulate General] Morocco Cato Island Australia Cebu [US Consulate] Philippines Celebes Indonesia Celebes Sea Pacific Ocean Celtic Sea Atlantic Ocean Central African Empire Central African Republic Ceuta Spain Ceylon Sri Lanka Chafarinas, Islas Spain Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) British Indian Ocean Territory Channel Islands Guernsey; Jersey Chatham Islands New Zealand Cheju-do Korea, South Cheju Strait Pacific Ocean Chengdu [US Consulate General] China Chesterfield Islands New Caledonia (Iles Chesterfield) Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] Thailand Chihli, Gulf of (Bo Hai) Pacific Ocean China, People's Republic of China China, Republic of Taiwan Choiseul Solomon Islands Christchurch [US Consular Agency] New Zealand Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] Australia Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] Kiribati (Kiritimati) Chukchi Sea Arctic Ocean Ciskei South Africa Ciudad Juarez [US Consulate Mexico General] Cochabamba [US Consular Agency] Bolivia Coco, Isla del Costa Rica Cocos Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombo [US Embassy] Sri Lanka Colon [US Consular Agency] Panama Colon, Archipielago de Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) Commander Islands Soviet Union (Komandorskiye Ostrova) Conakry [US Embassy] Guinea Congo (Brazzaville) Congo Congo (Kinshasa) Zaire Congo (Leopoldville) Zaire Con Son Islands Vietnam Cook Strait Pacific Ocean Copenhagen [US Embassy] Denmark Coral Sea Pacific Ocean Corn Islands (Islas del Maiz) Nicaragua Corsica France Cosmoledo Group Seychelles Cote d'Ivoire Ivory Coast Cotonou [US Embassy] Benin Crete Greece Crooked Island Passage Atlantic Ocean Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet) French Southern and Antarctic Lands Curacao [US Consulate General] Netherlands Antilles Cusco [US Consular Agency] Peru Dahomey Benin Daito Islands Japan Dakar [US Embassy] Senegal Daman (Damao) India Damascus [US Embassy] Syria Danger Atoll Cook Islands Danish Straits Atlantic Ocean Danzig (Gdansk) Poland Dao Bach Long Vi Vietnam Dardanelles Atlantic Ocean Dar es Salaam [US Embassy] Tanzania Davis Strait Atlantic Ocean Deception Island Antarctica Denmark Strait Atlantic Ocean D'Entrecasteaux Islands Papua New Guinea Devon Island Canada Dhahran [US Consulate General] Saudi Arabia Dhaka [US Embassy] Bangladesh Diego Garcia British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Ramirez Chile Diomede Islands Soviet Union [Big Diomede]; United States [Little Diomede] Diu India Djibouti [US Embassy] Djibouti Dodecanese Greece Doha [US Embassy] Qatar Douala [US Consulate General] Cameroon Dover, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Drake Passage Atlantic Ocean Dubai [US Consulate General] United Arab Emirates Dublin [US Embassy] Ireland Durango [US Consular Agency] Mexico Durban [US Consulate General] South Africa Dusseldorf [US Consulate General] Germany Dutch East Indies Indonesia Dutch Guiana Suriname East China Sea Pacific Ocean Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) Chile Eastern Channel (East Korea Pacific Ocean Strait or Tsushima Strait) East Germany (German Democratic Germany Republic) East Korea Strait (Eastern Pacific Ocean Channel or Tsushima Strait) East Pakistan Bangladesh East Siberian Sea Arctic Ocean East Timor (Portuguese Timor) Indonesia Edinburgh [US Consulate General] United Kingdom Elba Italy Ellef Ringnes Island Canada Ellesmere Island Canada Ellice Islands Tuvalu Elobey, Islas de Equatorial Guinea Enderbury Island Kiribati Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok Atoll) Marshall Islands England United Kingdom English Channel Atlantic Ocean Eniwetok Atoll Marshall Islands Epirus, Northern Albania; Greece Eritrea Ethiopia Essequibo [claimed by Venezuela] Guyana Estonia Soviet Union [de facto] Etorofu Soviet Union [de facto] Farquhar Group Seychelles Fernando de Noronha Brazil Fernando Po (Bioko) Equatorial Guinea Finland, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Florence [US Consulate General] Italy Florida, Straits of Atlantic Ocean Formosa Taiwan Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) Pacific Ocean Fort-de-France Martinique [US Consulate General] Frankfurt am Main Germany [US Consulate General] Franz Josef Land Soviet Union Freetown [US Embassy] Sierra Leone French Cameroon Cameroon French Indochina Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam French Guinea Guinea French Sudan Mali French Territory of the Afars Djibouti and Issas (F.T.A.I.) French Togo Togo Friendly Islands Tonga Fukuoka [US Consulate] Japan Funchal [US Consular Agency] Portugal Fundy, Bay of Atlantic Ocean Futuna Islands (Hoorn Islands) Wallis and Futuna Gaborone [US Embassy] Botswana Galapagos Islands (Archipi%elago Ecuador de Colon) Galleons Passage Atlantic Ocean Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier) French Polynesia Gaspar Strait Indian Ocean Geneva [Branch Office of the US Switzerland Embassy, US Mission to European Office of the UN and Other International Organizations] Genoa [US Consulate General] Italy George Town [US Consular Agency] Cayman Islands Georgetown [US Embassy] Guyana German Democratic Republic Germany (East Germany) German Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Gibraltar, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Gilbert Islands Kiribati Goa India Gold Coast Ghana Golan Heights Syria Good Hope, Cape of South Africa Goteborg [US Consulate General] Sweden Gotland Sweden Gough Island Saint Helena Grand Banks Atlantic Ocean Grand Cayman Cayman Islands Grand Turk [US Consular Agency] Turks and Caicos Islands Great Australian Bight Indian Ocean Great Belt (Store Baelt) Atlantic Ocean Great Britain United Kingdom Great Channel Indian Ocean Greater Sunda Islands Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia Green Islands Papua New Guinea Greenland Sea Arctic Ocean Grenadines, Northern Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Grenadines, Southern Grenada Guadalajara Mexico [US Consulate General] Guadalcanal Solomon Islands Guadalupe, Isla de Mexico Guangzhou [US Consulate General] China Guantanamo [US Naval Base] Cuba Guatemala [US Embassy] Guatemala Gubal, Strait of Indian Ocean Guinea, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Guayaquil [US Consulate General] Ecuador Ha'apai Group Tonga Habomai Islands Soviet Union [de facto] Hague,The [US Embassy] Netherlands Haifa [US Consular Agency] Israel Hainan Dao China Halifax [US Consulate General] Canada Halmahera Indonesia Hamburg [US Consulate General] Germany Hamilton [US Consulate General] Bermuda Hanoi Vietnam Harare [US Embassy] Zimbabwe Hatay Turkey Havana [US post not maintained, Cuba representation by US Interests Section (USINT) of the Swiss Embassy] Hawaii United States Heard Island Heard Island and McDonald Islands Helsinki [US Embassy] Finland Hermosillo [US Consulate] Mexico Hispaniola Dominican Republic; Haiti Hokkaido Japan Holy See, The Vatican City Hong Kong [US Consulate General] Hong Kong Honiara [US Consulate] Solomon Islands Honshu Japan Hormuz, Strait of Indian Ocean Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos) Chile Horne, Iles de Wallis and Futuna Horn of Africa Ethiopia; Somalia Hudson Bay Arctic Ocean Hudson Strait Arctic Ocean Inaccessible Island Saint Helena Indochina Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) China Ionian Islands Greece Ionian Sea Atlantic Ocean Irian Jaya Indonesia Irish Sea Atlantic Ocean Islamabad [US Embassy] Pakistan Islas Malvinas Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Istanbul [US Consulate General] Turkey Italian Somaliland Somalia Iwo Jima Japan Izmir [US Consulate General] Turkey Jakarta [US Embassy] Indonesia Japan, Sea of Pacific Ocean Java Indonesia Java Sea Indian Ocean Jeddah [US Consulate General] Saudi Arabia Jerusalem [US Consulate General] Israel; West Bank Johannesburg South Africa [US Consulate General] Juan de Fuca, Strait of Pacific Ocean Juan Fernandez, Isla de Chile Juventud, Isla de la Cuba (Isle of Youth) Kabul [US Embassy now closed] Afghanistan Kaduna [US Consulate General] Nigeria Kalimantan Indonesia Kamchatka Peninsula Soviet Union (Poluostrov Kamchatka) Kampala [US Embassy] Uganda Kampuchea Cambodia Karachi [US Consulate General] Pakistan Kara Sea Arctic Ocean Karimata Strait Indian Ocean Kathmandu [US Embassy] Nepal Kattegat Atlantic Ocean Kauai Channel Pacific Ocean Keeling Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Kerguelen, Iles French Southern and Antarctic Lands Kermadec Islands New Zealand Khabarovsk Soviet Union Khartoum [US Embassy] Sudan Khmer Republic Cambodia Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee Kanal) Atlantic Ocean Khuriya Muriya Islands Oman (Kuria Muria Islands) Khyber Pass Pakistan Kigali [US Embassy] Rwanda Kingston [US Embassy] Jamaica Kinshasa [US Embassy] Zaire Kiritimati (Christmas Island) Kiribati Kithira Strait Atlantic Ocean Kodiak Island United States Kola Peninsula Soviet Union (Kol'skiy Poluostrov) Kolonia [US Special Office] Micronesia, Federated States of Korea Bay Pacific Ocean Korea, Democratic People's Korea, North Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, South Korea Strait Pacific Ocean Koror [US Special Office] Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of Kosovo Yugoslavia Kowloon Hong Kong Krakow [US Consulate] Poland Kuala Lumpur [US Embassy] Malaysia Kunashiri (Kunashir) Soviet Union [de facto] Kuril Islands Soviet Union [de facto] Kuwait [US Embassy] Kuwait Kwajalein Atoll Marshall Islands Kyushu Japan Labrador Canada Laccadive Islands India Laccadive Sea Indian Ocean La Coruna [US Consular Agency] Spain Lagos [US Embassy] Nigeria Lahore [US Consulate General] Pakistan Lakshadweep India La Paz [US Embassy] Bolivia La Perouse Strait Pacific Ocean Laptev Sea Arctic Ocean Las Palmas [US Consular Agency] Spain Latvia Soviet Union [de facto] Lau Group Fiji Leningrad [US Consulate General] Soviet Union Lesser Sunda Islands Indonesia Leyte Philippines Liancourt Rocks [claimed by Japan]Korea, South Libreville [US Embassy] Gabon Ligurian Sea Atlantic Ocean Lilongwe [US Embassy] Malawi Lima [US Embassy] Peru Lincoln Sea Arctic Ocean Line Islands Kiribati; Palmyra Atoll Lisbon [US Embassy] Portugal Lithuania Soviet Union [de facto] Lombok Strait Indian Ocean Lome [US Embassy] Togo London [US Embassy] United Kingdom Lord Howe Island Australia Louisiade Archipelago Papua New Guinea Loyalty Islands New Caledonia (Iles Loyaute) Lubumbashi [US Consulate General] Zaire Lusaka [US Embassy] Zambia Luxembourg [US Embassy] Luxembourg Luzon Philippines Luzon Strait Pacific Ocean Lyon [US Consulate General] France Macao Macau Macedonia Bulgaria; Greece; Yugoslavia Macquarie Island Australia Madeira Islands Portugal Madras [US Consulate General] India Madrid [US Embassy] Spain Magellan, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Mahe Island Seychelles Maiz, Islas del (Corn Islands) Nicaragua Majorca (Mallorca) Spain Majuro [US Special Office] Marshall Islands Makassar Strait Pacific Ocean Malabo [US Embassy] Equatorial Guinea Malacca, Strait of Indian Ocean Malaga [US Consular Agency] Spain Malagasy Republic Madagascar Male [US post not maintained, Maldives representation from Colombo, Sri Lanka] Mallorca (Majorca) Spain Malpelo, Isla de Colombia Malta Channel Atlantic Ocean Malvinas, Islas Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Managua [US Embassy] Nicaragua Manama [US Embassy] Bahrain Manaus [US Consular Agency] Brazil Manchukuo China Manchuria China Manila [US Embassy] Philippines Manipa Strait Pacific Ocean Mannar, Gulf of Indian Ocean Manua Islands American Samoa Maputo [US Embassy] Mozambique Maracaibo [US Consulate] Venezuela Marcus Island (Minami-tori-shima) Japan Mariana Islands Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Marion Island South Africa Marmara, Sea of Atlantic Ocean Marquesas Islands French Polynesia (Iles Marquises) Marseille [US Consulate General] France Martin Vaz, Ilhas Brazil Mas a Tierra Chile (Robinson Crusoe Island) Mascarene Islands Mauritius; Reunion Maseru [US Embassy] Lesotho Matamoros [US Consulate] Mexico Mazatlan [US Consulate] Mexico Mbabane [US Embassy] Swaziland McDonald Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands Medan [US Consulate] Indonesia Mediterranean Sea Atlantic Ocean Melbourne [US Consulate General] Australia Melilla Spain Merida [US Consulate] Mexico Messina, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Mexico [US Embassy] Mexico Mexico, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Milan [US Consulate General] Italy Minami-tori-shima Japan Mindanao Philippines Mindoro Strait Pacific Ocean Minicoy Island India Mogadishu [US Embassy] Somalia Mombasa [US Consulate] Kenya Mona Passage Atlantic Ocean Monrovia [US Embassy] Liberia Montego Bay [US Consular Agency] Jamaica Monterrey [US Consulate General] Mexico Montevideo [US Embassy] Uruguay Montreal [US Consulate General, Canada US Mission to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)] Moravian Gate Czechoslovakia Moroni [US Embassy] Comoros Mortlock Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Moscow [US Embassy] Soviet Union Mozambique Channel Indian Ocean Mulege [US Consular Agency] Mexico Munich [US Consulate General] Germany Musandam Peninsula Oman; United Arab Emirates Muscat [US Embassy] Oman Muscat and Oman Oman Myanma, Myanmar Burma Naha [US Consulate General] Japan Nairobi [US Embassy] Kenya Nampo-shoto Japan Naples [US Consulate General] Italy Nassau [US Embassy] Bahamas, The Natuna Besar Islands Indonesia N'Djamena [US Embassy] Chad Netherlands East Indies Indonesia Netherlands Guiana Suriname Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis New Delhi [US Embassy] India Newfoundland Canada New Guinea Indonesia; Papua New Guinea New Hebrides Vanuatu New Siberian Islands Soviet Union New Territories Hong Kong New York, New York [US Mission United States to the United Nations (USUN)] Niamey [US Embassy] Niger Nice [US Consular Agency] France Nicobar Islands India Nicosia [US Embassy] Cyprus Nightingale Island Saint Helena North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Channel Atlantic Ocean Northeast Providence Channel Atlantic Ocean Northern Epirus Albania; Greece Northern Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Northern Ireland United Kingdom Northern Rhodesia Zambia North Island New Zealand North Korea Korea, North North Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean North Sea Atlantic Ocean North Vietnam Vietnam Northwest Passages Arctic Ocean North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Norwegian Sea Atlantic Ocean Nouakchott [US Embassy] Mauritania Novaya Zemlya Soviet Union Nuevo Laredo [US Consulate] Mexico Nyasaland Malawi Oahu United States Oaxaca [US Consular Agency] Mexico Ocean Island (Banaba) Kiribati Ocean Island (Kure Island) United States Ogaden Ethiopia; Somalia Oil Islands (Chagos Archipelago) British Indian Ocean Territory Okhotsk, Sea of Pacific Ocean Okinawa Japan Oman, Gulf of Indian Ocean Ombai Strait Pacific Ocean Oporto [US Consulate] Portugal Oran [US Consulate] Algeria Oresund (The Sound) Atlantic Ocean Orkney Islands United Kingdom Osaka-Kobe [US Consulate General] Japan Oslo [US Embassy] Norway Otranto, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Ottawa [US Embassy] Canada Ouagadougou [US Embassy] Burkina Outer Mongolia Mongolia Pagan Northern Mariana Islands Palau Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the Palawan Philippines Palermo [US Consulate General] Italy Palk Strait Indian Ocean Palma de Mallorca Spain [US Consular Agency] Pamirs China; Soviet Union Panama [US Embassy] Panama Panama Canal Panama Panama, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Paramaribo [US Embassy] Suriname Parece Vela Japan Paris [US Embassy, US Mission to France the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), US Observer Mission at the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)] Pascua, Isla de (Easter Island) Chile Passion, Ile de la Clipperton Island Pashtunistan Afghanistan; Pakistan Peking (Beijing) China Pemba Island Tanzania Pentland Firth Atlantic Ocean Perim Yemen Perouse Strait, La Pacific Ocean Persian Gulf Indian Ocean Perth [US Consulate] Australia Pescadores Taiwan Peshawar [US Consulate] Pakistan Peter I Island Antarctica Philip Island Norfolk Island Philippine Sea Pacific Ocean Phoenix Islands Kiribati Pines, Isle of Cuba (Isla de la Juventud) Piura [US Consular Agency] Peru Pleasant Island Nauru Ponape (Pohnpei) Micronesia Ponta Delgada [US Consulate] Portugal Port-au-Prince [US Embassy] Haiti Port Louis [US Embassy] Mauritius Port Moresby [US Embassy] Papua New Guinea Porto Alegre [US Consulate] Brazil Port-of-Spain [US Embassy] Trinidad and Tobago Port Said [US Consular Agency] Egypt Portuguese Guinea Guinea-Bissau Portuguese Timor (East Timor) Indonesia Poznan [US Consulate] Poland Prague [US Embassy] Czechoslovakia Praia [US Embassy] Cape Verde Pretoria [US Embassy] South Africa Pribilof Islands United States Prince Edward Island Canada Prince Edward Islands South Africa Prince Patrick Island Canada Principe Sao Tome and Principe Puerto Plata [US Consular Agency] Dominican Republic Puerto Vallarta Mexico [US Consular Agency] Pusan [US Consulate] South Korea P'yongyang Korea, North Quebec [US Consulate General] Canada Queen Charlotte Islands Canada Queen Elizabeth Islands Canada Queen Maud Land Antarctica [claimed by Norway] Quito [US Embassy] Ecuador Rabat [US Embassy] Morocco Ralik Chain Marshall Islands Rangoon [US Embassy] Burma Ratak Chain Marshall Islands Recife [US Consulate] Brazil Redonda Antigua and Barbuda Red Sea Indian Ocean Revillagigedo Island United States Revillagigedo Islands Mexico Reykjavik [US Embassy] Iceland Rhodes Greece Rhodesia Zimbabwe Rhodesia, Northern Zambia Rhodesia, Southern Zimbabwe Rio de Janeiro Brazil [US Consulate General] Rio de Oro Western Sahara Rio Muni Equatorial Guinea Riyadh [US Embassy] Saudi Arabia Robinson Crusoe Island Chile (Mas a Tierra) Rocas, Atol das Brazil Rockall [disputed] United Kingdom Rodrigues Mauritius Rome [US Embassy, US Mission to Italy the UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture (FODAG)] Roncador Cay Colombia Roosevelt Island Antarctica Ross Dependency Antarctica [claimed by New Zealand] Ross Island Antarctica Ross Sea Antarctica Rota Northern Mariana Islands Rotuma Fiji Ryukyu Islands Japan Saba Netherlands Antilles Sabah Malaysia Sable Island Canada Sahel Burkina; Cape Verde; Chad; The Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Senegal Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) Vietnam Saint Brandon Mauritius Saint Christopher and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint George's [US Embassy] Grenada Saint George's Channel Atlantic Ocean Saint John's [US Embassy] Antigua and Barbuda Saint Lawrence, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Saint Lawrence Island United States Saint Lawrence Seaway Atlantic Ocean Saint Martin Guadeloupe Saint Martin (Sint Maarten) Netherlands Antilles Saint Paul Island Canada Saint Paul Island United States Saint Paul Island French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Ile Saint-Paul) Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks Brazil (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo) Saint Vincent Passage Atlantic Ocean Saipan Northern Mariana Islands Sakhalin Island (Ostrov Sakhalin) Soviet Union Sala y Gomez, Isla Chile Salisbury (Harare) Zimbabwe Salvador de Bahia Brazil [US Consular Agency] Salzburg [US Consulate General] Austria Sanaa [US Embassy] Yemen San Ambrosio Chile San Andres y Providencia, Colombia Archipielago San Bernardino Strait Pacific Ocean San Felix, Isla Chile San Jose [US Embassy] Costa Rica San Luis Potosi Mexico [US Consular Agency] San Miguel Allende Mexico [US Consular Agency] San Salvador [US Embassy] El Salvador Santa Cruz [US Consular Agency] Bolivia Santa Cruz Islands Solomon Islands Santiago [US Embassy] Chile Santo Domingo [US Embassy] Dominican Republic Sao Luis [US Consular Agency] Brazil Sao Paulo [US Consulate General] Brazil Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, Brazil Penedos de Sapporo [US Consulate General] Japan Sapudi Strait Indian Ocean Sarawak Malaysia Sardinia Italy Sargasso Sea Atlantic Ocean Sark Guernsey Scotia Sea Atlantic Ocean Scotland United Kingdom Scott Island Antarctica Senyavin Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Seoul [US Embassy] Korea, South Serrana Bank Colombia Serranilla Bank Colombia Severnaya Zemlya (Northland) Soviet Union Seville [US Consular Agency] Spain Shag Island Heard Island and McDonald Islands Shag Rocks Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Shanghai [US Consulate General] China Shenyang [US Consulate General] China Shetland Islands United Kingdom Shikoku Japan Shikotan (Shikotan-to) Japan Siam Thailand Sibutu Passage Pacific Ocean Sicily Italy Sicily, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Sikkim India Sinai Egypt Singapore [US Embassy] Singapore Singapore Strait Pacific Ocean Sinkiang (Xinjiang) China Sint Eustatius Netherlands Antilles Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) Netherlands Antilles Skagerrak Atlantic Ocean Slovakia Czechoslovakia Society Islands French Polynesia (Iles de la Societe) Socotra Yemen Sofia [US Embassy] Bulgaria Solomon Islands, northern Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands, southern Solomon Islands Soloman Sea Pacific Ocean Songkhla [US Consulate] Thailand Sound, The (Oresund) Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean South China Sea Pacific Ocean Southern Grenadines Grenada Southern Rhodesia Zimbabwe South Georgia South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Island New Zealand South Korea Korea, South South Orkney Islands Antarctica South Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Shetland Islands Antarctica South Tyrol Italy South Vietnam Vietnam South-West Africa Namibia South Yemen (People's Democratic Yemen Republic of Yemen) Spanish Guinea Equatorial Guinea Spanish Sahara Western Sahara Spitsbergen Svalbard Stockholm [US Embassy] Sweden Strasbourg [US Consulate General] France Stuttgart [US Consulate General] Germany Suez, Gulf of Indian Ocean Sulu Archipelago Philippines Sulu Sea Pacific Ocean Sumatra Indonesia Sumba Indonesia Sunda Islands (Soenda Isles) Indonesia; Malaysia Sunda Strait Indian Ocean Surabaya [US Consulate] Indonesia Surigao Strait Pacific Ocean Surinam Suriname Suva [US Embassy] Fiji Swains Island American Samoa Swan Islands Honduras Sydney [US Consulate General] Australia Tahiti French Polynesia Taipei Taiwan Taiwan Strait Pacific Ocean Tampico [US Consular Agency] Mexico Tanganyika Tanzania Tangier [US Consulate General] Morocco Tarawa Kiribati Tartar Strait Pacific Ocean Tasmania Australia Tasman Sea Pacific Ocean Taymyr Peninsula Soviet Union (Poluostrov Taymyra) Tegucigalpa [US Embassy] Honduras Tehran [US post not maintained, Iran representation by Swiss Embassy] Tel Aviv [US Embassy] Israel Terre Adelie (Adelie Land) Antarctica [claimed by France] Thailand, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Thessaloniki Greece [US Consulate General] Thurston Island Antarctica Tibet (Xizang) China Tierra del Fuego Argentina; Chile Tijuana [US Consulate General] Mexico Timor Indonesia Timor Sea Indian Ocean Tinian Northern Mariana Islands Tiran, Strait of Indian Ocean Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Tokyo [US Embassy] Japan Tonkin, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Toronto [US Consulate General] Canada Torres Strait Pacific Ocean Trans-Jordan Jordan Transkei South Africa Transylvania Romania Trieste [US Consular Agency] Italy Trindade, Ilha de Brazil Tripoli [US post not maintained, Libya representation by Belgian Embassy] Tristan da Cunha Group Saint Helena Trobriand Islands Papua New Guinea Trucial States United Arab Emirates Truk Islands Micronesia Tsugaru Strait Pacific Ocean Tuamotu Islands (Iles Tuamotu) French Polynesia Tubuai Islands (Iles Tubuai) French Polynesia Tunis [US Embassy] Tunisia Turin [US Consulate] Italy Turkish Straits Atlantic Ocean Turks Island Passage Atlantic Ocean Tyrol, South Italy Tyrrhenian Sea Atlantic Ocean Udorn [US Consulate] Thailand Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Ullung-do Korea, South Unimak Pass [strait] Pacific Ocean United Arab Republic Egypt; Syria Upper Volta Burkina Vaduz [US post not maintained, Liechtenstein representation from Zurich, Switzerland] Vakhan Corridor Afghanistan (Wakhan) Valencia [US Consular Agency] Spain Valletta [US Embassy] Malta Vancouver [US Consulate General] Canada Vancouver Island Canada Van Diemen Strait Pacific Ocean Vatican City [US Embassy] Vatican City Velez de la Gomera, Penon deSpain Venda South Africa Veracruz [US Consular Agency] Mexico Verde Island Passage Pacific Ocean Victoria [US Embassy] Seychelles Vienna [US Embassy, US Mission Austria to International Organizations in Vienna (UNVIE)] Vientiane [US Embassy] Laos Volcano Islands Japan Vostok Island Kiribati Vrangelya, Ostrov Soviet Union (Wrangel Island) Wakhan Corridor Afghanistan (now Vakhan Corridor) Wales United Kingdom Walvis Bay South Africa Warsaw [US Embassy] Poland Washington, DC [The Permanent United States Mission of the USA to the Organization of American States (OAS)] Weddell Sea Atlantic Ocean Wellington [US Embassy] New Zealand Western Channel Pacific Ocean (West Korea Strait) West Germany (Federal Republic Germany of Germany) West Korea Strait Pacific Ocean (Western Channel) West Pakistan Pakistan Wetar Strait Pacific Ocean White Sea Arctic Ocean Windhoek Namibia Windward Passage Atlantic Ocean Winnipeg [US Consular Agency] Canada Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) Soviet Union Yaounde [US Embassy] Cameroon Yap Islands Micronesia Yellow Sea Pacific Ocean Yemen (Aden) [People's Democratic Republic of Yemen] Yemen Arab Republic Yemen Yemen, North [Yemen Arab Yemen Republic] Yemen (Sanaa) [Yemen Arab Yemen Republic] Yemen, People's Democratic Yemen Republic of Yemen, South [People's Democratic Yemen Republic of Yemen] Youth, Isle of Cuba (Isla de la Juventud) Yucatan Channel Atlantic Ocean Zagreb [US Consulate General] Yugoslavia Zanzibar Tanzania Zurich [US Consulate General] Switzerland *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 1991 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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