1986 Edition

Agriculture

diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops — corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds

Area

255,804 km2; the size of Wyoming; 34% forest, 32% arable, 25% meadow and pasture, 9% other

Branches

bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly — Federal Chamber, Chamber of Republics and Provinces); executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective, rotating policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Radovan Vlajkovic presides as President of the Republic until May 1986, when he will be replaced by the representative from Kosovo Province, Sinan Hasani

Yugoslav People's Army — Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Territorial Defense Force

Capital

Belgrade

CNP

$128.8 billion (1984 est., at 1983 prices), $5,600 per capita; real growth rate -1.7% (1984)

Coastline

1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,4 14 km (offshore islands) People

37 km People

Communists

2,167,860 party members (December 1985)

Crude steel

4.2 million metric tons produced (1984), 184 kg per capita

Elections

Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are 23 members of party Presidium selected proportionally from republics, provinces, and Yugoslav People's Army, with the president rotating on an annual basis and the secretary rotating every two years; current president is Vidoje Zarkovic, a Montenegrin (until June 1986); Party Congress scheduled for June 1986, to elect new Central Committee

Electric power

19,575,000 kW capacity (1985); 77.516 billion kWh produced (1985), 3,350 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

36.2% Serb, 19.7% Croat, 8.9% Muslim, 7.8% Slovene, 7.7% Albanian, 5.9% Macedonian, 5.4% Yugoslav, 2.5% Montenegrin, 1.9% Hungarian, 4.0% other (1981 census)

over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes — Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population

Exports

$10.3 billion (f.o.b., 1984); 52% raw materials and semimanufactures, 31% consumer goods, 17% equipment

Fiscal year

calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) Communications

Fishing

catch 73,505 metric tons (1984) Zaire

Freight carried

rail — 89.6 million metric tons, 27.9 billion metric ton/km (1983); highway — 177.2 million metric tons, 19.1 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway — 20.9 million metric tons, 4. 1 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1983)

Government leader

Milka PLANINC, President of the Federal Executive Council (since 1982); nonrenewable four-year term expires May 1986

Highways

116,400km total; 63,100 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 35,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 18,300 km earth (1983)

Imports

$12.0 billion (c.i.f., 1984); 82% raw materials and semimanufactures, 13% equipment, 5% consumer goods

Infant mortality rate

30/1,000 (1982)

108/1,000(1984)

Inland waterways

2,600 km (1982)

Labor force

10.1 million (1983); 25% agriculture, 29% mining and manufacturing; (est.) unemployment about 14% of domestic labor force (January-August 1985) Government

Land boundaries

9,902 km Water

Language

Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian (all official); Albanian, Hungarian

French (official), English, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba

Lanti boundaries

3,001 km Water

Legal system

mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 68, women 73

men 46, women 49

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12

12 nm (200 nm fishing)

Literacy

90.5%

Major industries

metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing

Major trade partners

61% non-Communist countries; 39% Communist countries, of which 21% USSR (1984)

Member of

ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, 391.3 billion dinars; about 4.8% of national income Land 2,345,409 km2; one-fourth the size of the US; 45% forest, 22% agricultural (2% cultivated or pasture), 33% other

Military manpower

males 15-49, 6,005,000; 4,850,000 fit for military service; 184,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

296.4 dinars=US$l (November 1985)

National holiday

Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November

Nationality

noun — Yugoslav(s); adjective — Yugoslav

noun — Zairian(s); adjective — Zairian

Natural resources

coal, copper, bauxite, timber, iron, antimony, chromium, lead, zinc, asbestos, mercury

Official name

Socialist Federal Republic of

Other political or pressure groups

Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SA WPY), the major mass front organization; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia, Federation of Veterans' Associations of Yugoslavia (SUBNOR)

Pipelines

1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products

Political subdivisions

six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia)

Population

23,284,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.7%

31,333,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.7%

Ports

9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade Defense Forces

Railroads

9,399 km total; 9,399 km 1.435meter standard gauge; 890 km double track; 3,451 km electrified (1983)

Religion

50% Serbian Orthodox, 30% Roman Catholic, 10% Muslim, 1% Protestant, 9% other or none

50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 10% Kimbanguist, 10% Muslim, 10% other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs

Shortages

electricity, fuels

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Type

Communist state, federal republic in form