1983 Edition

Agriculture

diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops — corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds

Airfields

140 total, 137 usable; 46 with permanent-surface runways, 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly— Federal Chamber, Chamber of Republics and Provinces) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective, rotating policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Mika Spiljak presides as President of the Republic until May 1984, when he will be replaced by the representative from the Republic of Montenegro, Veselin Djuranovic

Yugoslav People's Army, Frontier Guard, Militia, Air Force and Air Defense Command, Yugoslav Navy

Capital

Belgrade

Communists

2.1 million party members (June 1982)

Crude steel

3.8 million metric tons produced (1982), 170 kg per capjta

Elections

Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Yugoslavia (continued) Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are 23 members of party Presidium selected proportionally from republics, provinces, and Yugoslav Peoples Army, with the President rotating on an annual basis and the Secretary rotating every two years; current president is Dragoslav Markovic from Serbia (until June 1984)

Electric power

15,815,000 kW capacity (1983); 59.506 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,506 kWh per capita

Exports

$9.9 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 48% raw materials and semimanufactures, 34% consumer goods, 18% equipment

Fiscal year

calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) Communications

Fishing

catch 72,000 metric tons (1981)

Freight carried

rail — 88.9 million metric tons, 25.7 billion metric ton/km (1981); highway— 189.1 million metric tons, 19.6 billion metric ton/km (1981); waterway — 22.7 million metric tons, 4.2 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)

GNP

$53.9 billion (1982 est, at 1982 prices), $2,370 per capita; real growth rate 0.3% (1982)

Government leader

Milka PLANING, President of the Federal Executive Council

Highways

1 16,300 km total; 59,500 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 37,300 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,500 km earth (1983)

Imports

$12.7 billion (c.i.f., 1982); 77% raw materials and semimanufactures, 1 8% equipment, 5% consumer goods

Inland waterways

2,600 km (1982)

Legal system

mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Major industries

metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing

Major trade partners

57% non-Communist countries; 43% Communist countries, of which 25% USSR (1982)

Member of

ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 150.6 billion dinars; about 5% of national income

Military manpower

males 15-49, 6,012,000; 4,854,000 fit for military service; 186,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

125.55 dinars= US$1 (February 1984)

National holiday

Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November

Other political or pressure groups

Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR)

Pipelines

1 ,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products

Political subdivisions

six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia)

Ports

9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade

Railroads

9,393 km total; 9,393 km 1.435meter standard gauge; 891 km double track; 3,320 km electrified (1983)

Ships

1 submarines, 2 principal surface combatants, 76 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 40 amphibious warfare craft, 31 mine warfare craft, 2 fleet support ships, 9 other auxiliaries

Shortages

electricity, fuels, meat, coffee, detergent

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

4.6 million radios, 1.9 million telephones (1979) Defense Forces

Type

Communist state, federal republic in form