1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
255,892 km2; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other
Coastline
1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands)
Land boundaries
3,001 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 6.4% Albanian, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census)
Labor force
9.3 million (1980); 29% agriculture, 27% mining and manufacturing, 20% noneconomic activities; estimated unemployment averaged at least 10% of domestic labor force in 1981
Language
Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian, and Italian
Literacy
80.3% (1961)
Nationality
noun—Yugoslav(s); adjective—Yugoslav
Population
22,689,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.8%
Religion
41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census)
Government
Branches
parliament (Federal Assembly) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Sergej KRAIGHER presides as President of the Republic
Capital
Belgrade
Communists
2.1 million party members (December 1981)
Elections
Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are party President Dusan Dragosavac, influential Presidium members Milos Minic, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc
Government leader
Veselin Djuranovic, President of the Federal Executive Council
Legal system
mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), EC (five-year nonpreferential trade agreement signed in May 1973 currently being renegotiated), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November
Official name
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Other political or pressure groups
Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR)
Political subdivisions
six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia)
Suffrage
universal over age 18
Type
Communist state, federal republic in form
Economy
Agriculture
diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops—corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,539 calories per day per capita (1975)
Crude steel
3.6 million metric tons produced (1980), 160 kg per capita
Electric power
15,113,000 kW capacity (1981); 63.3 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,797 kWh per capita
Exports
$8.9 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 51% raw materials and semimanufactures, 15% equipment, 34% consumer goods Imports: $15.1 billion (c.i.f., 1980); 71% raw materials and semimanufactures, 19% equipment, 10% consumer goods
Fiscal year
same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated)
Fishing
catch 56,000 metric tons (1979)
GNP
$66.3 billion (1980 est., at 1980 prices), $2,900 per capita; real growth rate 3% (1980)
Major industries
metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing
Major trade partners
62% non-Communist countries; 38% Communist countries, of which 25% USSR (1981)
Monetary conversion rate
38.7 dinars=US$1 (November 1981)
Shortages
electricity, fuels, steel
Communications
Airfields
124 total, 109 usable; 41 with permanent-surface runways, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Freight carried
rail—84.9 million metric tons, 25.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway—201.7 million metric tons, 19.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway—26.0 million metric tons, 5.0 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)
Highways
155,842 km total; 56,655 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 38,642 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 20,545 km earth (1980)
Inland waterways
2,600 km (1978)
Pipelines
1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products
Ports
9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade (1979)
Railroads
9,465 km total; 9,465 km standard gauge (1.435 m); 891 km double track; 3,167 km electrified (1980),
Military and Security
Military budget
announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 102 billion dinars; about 5.8% of national income
Military manpower
males 15-49, 5,968,000; 4,814,000 fit for military service; 188,000 reach military age (19) annually