1981 Edition

Area

255,892 km2; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other

2,343,950 km2; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other

Coastline

1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands)

37 km

Fiscal year

same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated)

Imports

$15.1 billion (c.i.f., 1980); 71% raw materials and semimanufactures, 19% equipment, 10% consumer goods

Land boundaries

3,001 km

9,902 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

12 nm

Major trade partners

62% non-Communist countries; 38% Communist countries, of which 25% USSR (1981)

Monetary conversion rate

38.7 dinars=US$l (November 1981)

Ethnic divisions

39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 6.4% Albanian, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census)

over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes — Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population

Labor force

9.3 million (1980); 29% agriculture, 27% mining and manufacturing, 20% noneconomic activities; estimated unemployment averaged at least 10% of domestic labor force in 1981

about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure

Language

Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian, and Italian

French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages

Literacy

80.3% (1961)

5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French

Nationality

noun — Yugoslav(s); adjective — Yugoslav

noun — Zairian(s); adjective — Zairian

Population

22,689,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.8%

30,289,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Religion

41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census)

60% Christian, 35% animist, 5% other

Branches

parliament (Federal Assembly) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Sergej KRAIGHER presides as President of the Republic

President elected 1970 for seven-year term; General Mobutu reelected December 1977; limits on reelection removed by new constitution; national Legislative Council of 210 members elected for five-year term; the official party is the supreme political institution

Capital

Belgrade

Kinshasa

Communists

2.1 million party members (December 1981)

no Communist party

Elections

Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are party President Dusan Dragosavac, influential Presidium members Milos Minic, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc

elections for rural collectivities urban zone councils, and the Legislative Council of the Popular Movement of the Revolution to be held May-September 1982; presidential referendum/election held December 1977 Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR), only legal 'party, organized from the president on down

Government leader

Veselin Djuranovic, President of the Federal Executive Council

Lt. Gen. MOBUTU Sese Seko, President

Legal system

mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated February 1978; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction ZAIRE (Continued)

Member of

ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), EC (five-year nonpreferential trade agreement signed in May 1973 currently being renegotiated), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

AFDB, APC, CIPEC, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November

Independence Day, 30 June; Anniversary of the Regime, 24 November

Official name

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Other political or pressure groups

Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR)

Political subdivisions

six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia)

eight regions and federal district of Kinshasa

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal and compulsory over age 18

Type

Communist state, federal republic in form

republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system

Voting strength

MPR slate polled 97.5% of vote in 1977 Political Bureau elections; in February 1980 President Mobutu announced there would be no further elections to the Political Bureau

Agriculture

diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops — corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,539 calories per day per capita (1975)

main cash crops — coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; main food crops — manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; some provinces self-sufficient

Budget

1980 revenue, $1,250.2 million; current expenditures, $1.242.3 million, capital expenditures $206.5 million

Crude steel

3.6 million metric tons produced (1980), 160 kg per capita

Electric power

15,113,000 kW capacity (1981); 63.3 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,797 kWh per capita

1,694,000 kW capacity (1980); 4.2 billion kWh produced (1980), 143 kWh per capita

Exports

$8.9 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 51% raw materials and semimanufactures, 15% equipment, 34% consumer goods

$2,089 million (f.o.b., 1980); copper, cobalt, diamonds, petroleum, coffee

Fiscal year

calendar year

Fishing

catch 56,000 metric tons (1979)

catch 115,182 metric tons (1979)

GDP

$6.3 billion (1980 est), $225 per capita; 1.8% current annual growth rate

GNP

$66.3 billion (1980 est, at 1980 prices), $2,900 per capita; real growth rate 3% (1980)

Imports

$1,469 million (c.i.f., 1980); consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels

Major industries

metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing

mining, mineral processing, light industries

Major trade partners

Belgium, US, and West Germany

Monetary conversion rate

1 zaire= US$0. 182 (as of June 1981)

Shortages

electricity, fuels, steel

Airfields

124 total, 109 usable; 41 with permanentsurface runways, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES

324 total, 287 usable; 26 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 68 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

56 major transport aircraft

Freight carried

rail — 84.9 million metric tons, 25.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway — 201.7 million metric tons, 19.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway— 26.0 million metric tons, 5.0 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)

Highways

155,842 km total; 56,655 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 38,642 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 20,545 km earth (1980)

168,979 km total; 2,654 km bituminous, 58,129 km improved earth; 108,196 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways

2,600 km (1978)

comprising the Zaire, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes, the waterway system affords over 15,000 km of navigable routes

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 102 billion dinars; about 5.8% of national income

Military manpower

males 15-49, 5,968,000; 4,814,000 fit for military service; 188,000 reach military age (19) annually

males 15-49, 6,702,000; 3,386,000 fit for military service

Pipelines

1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products

refined products, 390 km

Ports

9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade (1979)

2 major (Matadi, Boma), 1 minor

Railroads

9,465 km total; 9,465 km standard gauge (1.435 m); 891 km double track; 3,167 km electrified (1980).

5,254 km total; 3,968 km 1.067-meter gauge (851 km electrified), 125 km 1,000-meter gauge; 136 km 0.615-meter gauge, 1,025 km 0.600-meter gauge

Telecommunications

barely adequate wire and radiorelay service, 30,300 telephones (0. 1 per 100 popl.); 12 AM, 1 FM, and 17 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station and 13 domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES