1986 Edition

Agriculture

cash crops — cocoa, copra, coconuts, coffee, palm oil, bananas

dates, grains, livestock; not selfsufficient in food except wheat

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81), $583 million; US(FY77-84), $93.7 million; Communist countries (1970-84), $23 million

Airfields

79 total, 75 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,2202,439 m

2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m

202 total, 170 usable; 59 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways over 3,659 m, 25 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 96 with runways 1,2202,439m

Branches

Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Moroccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force

Army, Navy JTzan Sec rclionil map VI Land Estimated at about 2,149,690 km2 (boundaries undefined and disputed); one-third the size of the US; 98% desert, waste, or urban; 1% agricultural; 1% forest

King rules in consultation with royal family and Council of Ministers

Saudi Arabian Land Forces, Royal Saudi Naval Forces, Royal Saudi Air Force, Air Defense Force, Saudi Arabian National Guard, Frontier Force, Coast Guard, Special Security Force, Public Security Force

Army, Navy, Air Force, Central Military Command, Federal Police Force

Budget

(1984 est.) revenues, $4.5 billion; current expenditures, $3.6 billion; development expenditures, $2.0 billion

(1981 est.) central government budget $22.0 million; (1979 est.) revenues, $15.7 million; current expenditures, $10.4 million; capital expenditures, $9. 1 million

FY85 proposed appropriations, $55 billion; current expenditures, $21.5 billion (est.); capital expenditures, $33.5 billion (est.)

Capital

Riyadh

Civil air

19 major transport aircraft Mozambique

2 major transport aircraft

181 major transport aircraft

Coastline

2,510 km People

12,429 km People

Communists

negligible

Electric power

4,300 kW capacity (1985); 7 million kWh produced (1985), 67 kWh per capita

18,997,500 kW capacity (1985); 49.925 billion kWh produced (1985), 4,476 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

90% Arab, 10% AfroAsian

81.5% English, 9.6% Scottish, 2.4% Irish, 1.9% Welsh, 1.8% Ulster, 0.8% other; West Indian, Indian, Pakistani 2%

Exports

$8.8 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); mainly cocoa (90%), copra (7%), coffee, palm oil

$40 billion (f.o.b., 1984); 98% petroleum and petroleum products

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

follows Islamic calendar months Rajab through Jumada II; the Saudi fiscal year covers 21 March 1985-10 March 1986 Communications

Fishing

catch 4,050 metric tons (1983)

GDP

$30 million (1981 est); per capita income $260 (1983 est.); average annual growth rate — 10% (1981 est.); average inflation rate 10% (1981)

$108 billion (FY84 est), $10,335 per capita; annual growth in nonoil GDP in constant 1969/70 prices approx. 7% (1981-84)

Government leader

FAHD bin 'Abd al- 'Aziz Al Sa'ud, King and Prime Minister (since 1982)

Highways

58,000 km total; 25,750 km bituminous treated, 32,250 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth, and unimproved earth

300 km, of which two-thirds is paved; roads on Principe are mostly unpaved and in need of repair

67,000 km total; 28,000 km bituminous, 39,000 km gravel and improved earth

Imports

$20.0 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); food products, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels

$35 billion (c.i.f., 1984); manufactured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and processed food products

Infant mortality rate

118/1,000(1983)

10.1/1,000(1983)

Labor force

about one-third (one-half foreign) of population; 45% commerce, services, government, and other; 30% agriculture; 15% construction; 5% industry; 5% oil and mining

Land boundaries

4,537 km Water

360 km Water

Language

Arabic

English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

Legal system

based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

54

74

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (6 nm "necessary supervision zone")

3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Literacy

52%

Major industries

light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries, shrimp processing

crude oil production 3.6 million b/d (1985); oil revenue payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $28 billion (FY85); petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement production and small steel-rolling mill; several other light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture

Major trade partners

main partner Netherlands, followed by Portugal, US, and FRG

exports — Japan, US, France; imports — US, Japan, FRG

Member of

Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Maritime Satellite Organization, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1.9 billion; 45% of central government budget 300km ^'Shetland ' Islands Hgbridts English Channel See r f f iontl map V Land 243,977 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 50% meadow and pasture, 30% arable, 12% waste or urban, 7% forest, 1% inland water

Military manpower

males 15-49, 5,222,000; 3,225,000 fit for military service; 256,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription ualimana

males 15-49, 3,079,000; 1,760,000 fit for military service; about 106,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 549,000; 381,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

10.06 dirhams=US$l (average 1985)

46.2051 dobras=US$l (December 1984)

3.65 Saudi riyals=US$l (December 1985)

National holiday

23 September

Nationality

noun — Saudi(s); adjective — Saudi or Saudi Arabian

noun — Briton(s), British (collective pi.); adjective — British

Natural resources

agricultural products, fish

oil, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper

Official name

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Pipelines

362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas

6,400 km crude oil; 150 km refined products; 2,200 km natural gas, includes 1,600 km of natural gas liquids

Political subdivisions

14 provinces

Population

11,519,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.2%

56,458,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.1%

Ports

10 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 14 minor

1 major (Sao Tome), 1 minor

7 major (Jiddah [Jeddah], Ad Damniam, Ras Tanura, JlzSn, Al Jubayl, Yanbu' al Bahr, Yanbu' as. S.ina'iyah). 17 minor

Railroads

1,785 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 161 km double track; 708 km electrified

none

886 km 1 .435-meter standard gauge

Religion

100% Muslim

27.0 million Anglican, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterian, 760,000 Methodist, 450,000 Jewish (registered)

Telecommunications

good system composed of wire lines, cables, and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier and Tetouan; 270,100 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 6 FM, 47 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; radio-relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable to Algeria Defense Forces

minimal system; 2,200 telephones (1.7 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

good system exists, major expansion program completed with extensive microwave and coaxial cable systems; 960,000 telephones (14.0 per 100 popl.); 21 AM, 2 FM, 63 TV stations; 2 Atlantic and 2 Indian Ocean satellite stations, 1 Arab satellite control station; radio-relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait; submarine cable to Djibouti under construction Defense Forces

Type

monarchy