2018 Edition

Background

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

land

61 sq km

total

61 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area Comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

55 m lowest point: Torrente Ausa

note

739 highest point: Monte Titano

Environment Current Issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

Environment International Agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic Coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography Note

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated Land

0 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

border countries (1)

Italy 37 km

total

37 km

Land Use

arable land: 16.7% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 0% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

16.7% (2011 est.)

forest

0% (2011 est.)

other

83.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map References

Europe

Maritime Claims

note

none (landlocked)

Natural Hazards

occasional earthquakes

Natural Resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age Structure

0-14 years

15.04% (male 2,687 /female 2,392)

15-24 years

11.59% (male 2,046 /female 1,869)

25-54 years

40.23% (male 6,391 /female 7,198)

55-64 years

13.35% (male 2,215 /female 2,294)

65 years and over

19.8% (male 3,006 /female 3,681) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

8.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Death Rate

8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Education Expenditures

2.4% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic Groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Health Expenditures

6.1% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

NA

Hiv Aids Deaths

NA

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

NA

Hospital Bed Density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant Mortality Rate

female

4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

total

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Italian

Life Expectancy At Birth

female

86.2 years (2018 est.)

male

80.8 years (2018 est.)

total population

83.4 years (2018 est.)

Major Urban Areas Population

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Median Age

female

45.7 years (2018 est.)

male

43.5 years

total

44.7 years

Nationality

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net Migration Rate

7.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Physicians Density

6.36 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

33,779 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.7% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

female

16 years (2012)

male

15 years (2012)

total

15 years (2012)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years

1.14 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

15-24 years

1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

25-54 years

0.89 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

55-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over

0.81 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth

1.09 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.51 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

female

36% (2016 est.)

male

21.4% (2016 est.)

total

27.4% (2016 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.67% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

97.2% of total population (2018)

Administrative Divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

name

San Marino (city)

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

30 years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)

history

consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974 (2016)

Country Name

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

etymology

named after Saint MARINUS, the traditional founder of the country

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

note

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery

1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

FAX

[1] (202) 223-2748

telephone

[1] (202) 250-1535

Executive Branch

cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

chief of state

co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Stefano PALMIERI and Captain Regent Matteo CIACCI (for the period 1 April 2018 - 1 October 2018)

election results

Stefano PALMIERI (RF) and Matteo CIACCI (Civic 10) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

elections/appointments

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2018 (next to be held in September 2018); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)

note

the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag Description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government Type

parliamentary republic

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial Branch

highest courts

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts

first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Legal System

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative Branch

description

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by coalition/party in the first round - San Marino First 41.7% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%, other 2.3%), Adesso.sm 31.4% (SSD 12.1%, RF 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%, other 0.4%), Democracy in Action 23.2% (RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%, other 0.4%), other 3.7%; percent of vote by coalition/party in the second round - Adesso.sm 57.9%, San Marino First 42.1%; seats by coalition/party - Adesso.sm 35 (SSD 14, RF 11, Civic 10 10), San Marino First 10 (PDCS 10, PS 3, PSD 3), Democracy in Action 9 (RETE Movement 8, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 1); composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%

elections

last held on 20 November 2016 with a runoff held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

note

note - because no coalition won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held between the two coalitions that had received the greatest percent of the vote, San Marino First and Adesso.sm; Adesso.sm won the runoff, and the seats were reallocated

National Anthem

lyrics/music

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

note

adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

National Holiday

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National Symbol S

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

Political Parties And Leaders

San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], We Sammarinese or NS [Marco ARZILLI], Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI])Entente for the Country (Intesa per il Paese; includes Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI)Active Citizenship (includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI], Future Republic [Mario VENTURINI])

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

expenditures

715.3 million (2011 est.)

revenues

667.7 million (2011 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

5.92% (31 December 2011 est.)

5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)

Current Account Balance

$0 (2017 est.)

$0 (2016 est.)

Debt External

note

NA

Economy Overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy.San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits.The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

Exchange Rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.885 (2017 est.)

0.903 (2016 est.)

0.9214 (2015 est.)

0.885 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Exports

$3.827 billion (2011 est.)

$2.576 billion (2010 est.)

Exports Commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services

176.6% (2011)

government consumption

NA (2011 est.)

household consumption

NA (2011 est.)

imports of goods and services

-153.3% (2011)

investment in fixed capital

NA (2011 est.)

investment in inventories

NA (2011 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture

0.1% (2009)

industry

39.2% (2009)

services

60.7% (2009)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$1.643 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$59,000 (2017 est.)

$59,600 (2016 est.)

$58,300 (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$2.064 billion (2017 est.)

$2.026 billion (2016 est.)

$1.983 billion (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

1.9% (2017 est.)

2.2% (2016 est.)

0.6% (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%

NA

lowest 10%

NA

Imports

$2.551 billion (2011 est.)

$2.132 billion (2010 est.)

Imports Commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy

Industrial Production Growth Rate

-1.1% (2012 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

1% (2017 est.)

0.6% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

21,960 (September 2013 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture

0.2%

industry

33.5%

services

66.3% (September 2013 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

note

NA

Population Below Poverty Line

NA

Public Debt

24.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$392 million (2014 est.)

$539.3 million (2013 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010)

$8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Taxes And Other Revenues

40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)

Unemployment Rate

8.1% (2017 est.)

8.6% (2016 est.)

Electricity Access

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

37 (2017 est.)

total

12,500 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)

Internet Country Code

.sm

Internet Users

percent of population

52.6% (July 2016 est.)

total

17,200 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 155 telephones per 100 persons (2016)

general assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2016)

international

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2016)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

47 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

15,800 (2017 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

113 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

38,000 (2017 est.)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

T7 (2016)

Roadways

paved

292 km (2006)

total

292 km (2006)

Military Branches

no regular military forces; voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military Note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military Service Age And Obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Disputes International

none