2023 Edition

Background

Resistance by native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. Disputed by France and the UK for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to Britain in 1783. The British prized Saint Vincent due to its fertile soil, which allowed for thriving slave-run plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa. In 1834, the British abolished slavery. Immigration of indentured servants eased the ensuing labor shortage, as did subsequent Portuguese immigrants from Madeira and East Indian laborers. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, however, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the early 1900s. The economy then went into a period of decline with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979. In April 2021, the explosive eruption of the La Soufrière volcano in the north of Saint Vincent destroyed much of Saint Vincent’s most productive agricultural lands. Unlike most of its tourism-dependent neighbors, the Vincentian economy is primarily agricultural. The US provided $4.7 million in humanitarian support after the eruption.

Area

land

389 sq km

total

389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

twice the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Coastline

84 km

Elevation

highest point

La Soufriere 1,234 m

lowest point

Caribbean Sea 0 m

Geographic coordinates

13 15 N, 61 12 W

Geography - note

the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays

Irrigated land

10 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total

0 km

Land use

agricultural land

25.6% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)

forest

68.7% (2018 est.)

other

5.7% (2018 est.)

Location

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

hurricanes; La Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threatvolcanism: La Soufriere (1,234 m) on the island of Saint Vincent last erupted in 1979; the island of Saint Vincent is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south

Natural resources

hydropower, arable land

Population distribution

most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown

Terrain

volcanic, mountainous

Age structure

0-14 years

19.05% (male 9,687/female 9,515)

15-64 years

68.55% (male 35,621/female 33,478)

65 years and over

12.4% (2023 est.) (male 6,021/female 6,482)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

4.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

7.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

12.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

NA

Contraceptive prevalence rate

NA

Current health expenditure

4.8% of GDP (2020)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.3% (2023 est.)

Death rate

7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

16.1

potential support ratio

6.2 (2021 est.)

total dependency ratio

49

youth dependency ratio

32.9

Drinking water source

improved: total

total: 95.1% of population

unimproved: total

total: 4.9% of population (2017 est.)

Education expenditures

5.7% of GDP (2018 est.)

Ethnic groups

African descent 71.2%, mixed 23%, Indigenous 3%, East Indian/Indian 1.1%, European 1.5%, other 0.2% (2012 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.86 (2023 est.)

Hospital bed density

4.3 beds/1,000 population (2016)

Infant mortality rate

female

10.9 deaths/1,000 live births

male

14.2 deaths/1,000 live births

total

12.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)

Languages

English, Vincentian Creole English, French patois

Life expectancy at birth

female

79 years

male

74.9 years

total population

76.9 years (2023 est.)

Literacy

female

NA

male

NA

total population

NA

Major urban areas - population

27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

62 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Median age

female

36.9 years

male

37.2 years

total

37 years (2023 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Saint Vincentian or Vincentian

noun

Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)

Net migration rate

-6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

23.7% (2016)

Physicians density

0.66 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Population

100,804 (2023 est.)

Population distribution

most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown

Population growth rate

-0.16% (2023 est.)

Religions

Protestant 75% (Pentecostal 27.6%, Anglican 13.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.6%,  Baptist 8.9%, Methodist 8.7%, Evangelical 3.8%, Salvation Army 0.3%, Presbyterian/Congregational 0.3%), Roman Catholic 6.3%,  Rastafarian 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, other 4.7%, none 7.5%, unspecified 4.7% (2012 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: NA

improved: total

total: 90.2% of population

improved: urban

urban: NA

unimproved: rural

rural: NA

unimproved: total

total: 9.8% of population (2017 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: NA

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

15 years (2015)

male

14 years

total

14 years

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.93 male(s)/female

at birth

1.03 male(s)/female

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

54.3% of total population (2023)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

43.9%

male

39.7%

total

41.1% (2021 est.)

Administrative divisions

6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick

Capital

etymology

an earlier French settlement was renamed Kingstown by the British in 1763 when they assumed control of the island; the king referred to in the name is GEORGE III (r. 1760-1820)

geographic coordinates

13 08 N, 61 13 W

name

Kingstown

time difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

yes

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

7 years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections on fundamental rights and freedoms, citizen protections, various government functions and authorities, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum of at least two thirds of the votes cast, and assent of the governor general

history

previous 1969, 1975; latest drafted 26 July 1979, effective 27 October 1979 (The Saint Vincent Constitution Order 1979)

Country name

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

etymology

Saint Vincent was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS after Saint VINCENT of Saragossa because the 22 January 1498 day of discovery was the saint's feast day

Diplomatic representation from the US

embassy

the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1627 K Street, NW, Suite 704, Washington, DC 20006

chief of mission

Ambassador Lou-Anne Gaylene GILCHRIST (since 18 January 2017)

consulate(s) general

New York

email address and website

mail@embsvg.comhttp://wa.embassy.gov.vc/washington/

FAX

[1] (202) 364-6736

telephone

[1] (202) 364-6730

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

chief of state

King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Susan DOUGAN (since 1 August 2019)

elections/appointments

the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

head of government

Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)

Flag description

three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern, which stands for Vincent; the diamonds recall the islands as "the Gems of the Antilles" and are set slightly lowered in the gold band to reflect the nation's position in the Antilles; blue conveys the colors of a tropical sky and crystal waters, yellow signifies the golden Grenadine sands, and green represents lush vegetation

Government type

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

27 October 1979 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice

judge selection and term of office

chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62

subordinate courts

magistrates' courts

Legal system

English common law

Legislative branch

description

unicameral House of Assembly (23 seats; 15 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 6 senators appointed by the governor general, and 2 ex officio members - the speaker of the house and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - ULP 49.58%, NDP 50.34%, other 0.8%; seats by party - ULP 9, NDP 6

elections

last held on 5 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)

National anthem

lyrics/music

Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL

name

"St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!"

note

note: adopted 1967

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 October (1979)

National symbol(s)

Saint Vincent parrot; national colors: blue, gold, green

Political parties and leaders

New Democratic Party or NDP [Dr. Godwin L. FRIDAY]SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]Unity Labor Party or ULP [Dr. Ralph GONSALVES] (formed in 1994 by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agricultural products

bananas, sugar cane, roots/tubers, plantains, vegetables, fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, mangoes/guavas

Budget

expenditures

$288 million (2020 est.)

revenues

$243 million (2020 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings

Moody's rating

B3 (2014)

note

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Current account balance

Current account balance 2019

-$27.903 million (2019 est.)

Current account balance 2020

-$131.46 million (2020 est.)

Current account balance 2021

-$211.643 million (2021 est.)

Debt - external

Debt - external 31 December 2016

$330.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Debt - external 31 December 2017

$362.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)

Economic overview

upper middle-income Caribbean island economy; key agriculture and tourism sectors; environmentally fragile; diversifying economy across services, science and knowledge, and creative industries; CARICOM member and US Caribbean Basin Initiative beneficiary

Exchange rates

Currency

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2017

2.7 (2017 est.)

Exchange rates 2018

2.7 (2018 est.)

Exchange rates 2019

2.7 (2019 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

2.7 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

2.7 (2021 est.)

Exports

Exports 2019

$327.51 million (2019 est.)

Exports 2020

$188.834 million (2020 est.)

Exports 2021

$125.777 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - commodities

recreational boats, drilling platforms, cargo ships, wheat flours, animal food, collector's items (2021)

Exports - partners

Netherlands 45%, India 9%, United States 6%, Barbados 5%, Greece 5% (2021)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

37.1% (2017 est.)

government consumption

16.6% (2017 est.)

household consumption

87.3% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-51.7% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

10.8% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories

-0.2% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

7.1% (2017 est.)

industry

17.4% (2017 est.)

services

75.5% (2017 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$785 million (2017 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

NA

lowest 10%

NA

Imports

Imports 2019

$425.28 million (2019 est.)

Imports 2020

$373.621 million (2020 est.)

Imports 2021

$415.725 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - commodities

dredger ships, refined petroleum, floating docks, aircraft, poultry, packaged medicines (2021)

Imports - partners

United States 29%, Netherlands 15%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, China 8%, France 5% (2021)

Industrial production growth rate

5.7% (2021 est.)

Industries

tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019

0.91% (2019 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020

-0.63% (2020 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

1.57% (2021 est.)

Labor force

51,700 (2021 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

26%

industry

17%

services

57% (1980 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA

Public debt

Public debt 2016

82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Public debt 2017

73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019

$1.489 billion (2019 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020

$1.41 billion (2020 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021

$1.429 billion (2021 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2019

0.4% (2019 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2020

-5.31% (2020 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2021

1.35% (2021 est.)

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2019

$14,200 (2019 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2020

$13,500 (2020 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2021

$13,700 (2021 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019

$193.357 million (31 December 2019 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020

$205.195 million (31 December 2020 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021

$311.903 million (31 December 2021 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2019

19.28% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate 2020

21% (2020 est.)

Unemployment rate 2021

21.62% (2021 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

43.9%

male

39.7%

total

41.1% (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from coal and metallurgical coke

0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas

0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

202,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

total emissions

202,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

Coal

consumption

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

production

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves

0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Electricity

consumption

133.917 million kWh (2019 est.)

exports

0 kWh (2020 est.)

imports

0 kWh (2020 est.)

installed generating capacity

49,000 kW (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

11.083 million kWh (2019 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2021)

Electricity generation sources

biomass and waste

0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

fossil fuels

73.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal

0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity

25.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear

0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar

0.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave

0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind

0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2019

27.821 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Natural gas

consumption

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

production

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

crude oil and lease condensate exports

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves

0 barrels (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption

1,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)

total petroleum production

0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

1,621 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

22 (2020 est.)

total

24,733 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations

Internet country code

.vc

Internet users

percent of population

85% (2021 est.)

total

85,000 (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

domestic

fixed-line teledensity is 11 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is 110 per 100 persons (2021)

general assessment

adequate island-wide, fully automatic telephone system; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) markets; LTE launches; regulatory development; telecom sector contributes greatly to the overall GDP; telecom sector is a growth area (2020)

international

country code - 1-784; landing points for the ECFS, CARCIP and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to US and Caribbean Islands; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

11 (2021 est.)

total subscriptions

11,385 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

110 (2021 est.)

total subscriptions

114,892 (2021 est.)

Airports

6 (2021)

Airports - with paved runways

5

note

note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

1

note

note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

J8

Merchant marine

by type

bulk carrier 32, container ship 17, general cargo 148, oil tanker 14, other 621

total

832 (2022)

National air transport system

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

11

number of registered air carriers

2 (2020)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s)

Kingstown

Military - note

the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Saint Lucia) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)

Military and security forces

no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF; includes the Coast Guard, Special Services Unit, Rapid Response Unit, Drug Squad, and Anti-Trafficking Unit) (2023)

note

note: the RSVPF is the only security force in the country and is responsible for maintaining internal security; it reports to the Minister of National Security, a portfolio held by the prime minister

Disputes - international

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

Air pollutants

carbon dioxide emissions

0.22 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions

0.09 megatons (2020 est.)

particulate matter emissions

9.41 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Climate

tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Environment - current issues

pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive; poor land use planning; deforestation; watershed management and squatter settlement control

Environment - international agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land

25.6% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)

forest

68.7% (2018 est.)

other

5.7% (2018 est.)

Revenue from coal

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources

0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)

Total renewable water resources

100 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial

2,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)

municipal

10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

54.3% of total population (2023)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

31,561 tons (2015 est.)