2016 Edition

CIA World Factbook 2016 Archive (HTML)

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Countries

268

Data Records

71,560

Saint Kitts and Nevis

2016 Edition · 267 data fields

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Introduction

Background

Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British began settlement in 1623. In 1967, the island territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of the UK with full internal autonomy. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. The remaining islands achieved independence in 1983 as Saint Kitts and Nevis. In 1998, a referendum on Nevis to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority vote needed. Nevis continues in its efforts to separate from Saint Kitts.

Geography

Area

261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km) 261 sq km 0 sq km
land: 261 sq km
total: 261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km)
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Coastline

135 km

Elevation

NA lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m
mean elevation: NA

Environment - current issues

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

17 20 N, 62 45 W

Geography - note

smallest country in the Americas and Western Hemisphere; with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a 3-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island

Irrigated land

8 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

23.1% arable land 19.2%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 3.5% 42.3% 34.6% (2011 est.)
agricultural land: 23.1%
forest: 42.3%
other: 34.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

hurricanes (July to October)

Natural resources

arable land

Population - distribution

population clusters are found in the small towns located on the periphery of both islands

Terrain

volcanic with mountainous interiors

People and Society

Age structure

20.61% (male 5,408/female 5,379) 14.82% (male 3,767/female 3,987) 44.85% (male 12,028/female 11,443) 11.38% (male 2,972/female 2,983) 8.34% (male 2,000/female 2,362) (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 20.61% (male 5,408/female 5,379)
15-24 years: 14.82% (male 3,767/female 3,987)
25-54 years: 44.85% (male 12,028/female 11,443)
55-64 years: 11.38% (male 2,972/female 2,983)
65 years and over: 8.34% (male 2,000/female 2,362) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

13.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Death rate

7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 98.3% of population rural: 98.3% of population total: 98.3% of population urban: 1.7% of population rural: 1.7% of population total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 1.7% of population
total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 1.7% of population

Education expenditures

4.2% of GDP (2007)

Ethnic groups

predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese

Health expenditures

5.1% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - deaths

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

Hospital bed density

2.3 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate

8.6 deaths/1,000 live births 6 deaths/1,000 live births 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
male: 6 deaths/1,000 live births
total: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (official)

Life expectancy at birth

75.7 years 73.3 years 78.2 years (2016 est.)
female: 78.2 years (2016 est.)
male: 73.3 years
total population: 75.7 years

Major urban areas - population

BASSETERRE (capital) 14,000 (2014)

Median age

34.5 years 34.7 years 34.3 years (2016 est.)
female: 34.3 years (2016 est.)
male: 34.7 years
total: 34.5 years

Nationality

Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s) Kittitian, Nevisian
adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian
noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)

Net migration rate

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

28.4% (2014)

Population

52,329 (July 2016 est.)

Population distribution

population clusters are found in the small towns located on the periphery of both islands

Population growth rate

0.75% (2016 est.)

Religions

Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access

urban: 87.3% of population rural: 87.3% of population total: 87.3% of population urban: 12.7% of population rural: 12.7% of population total: 12.7% of population (2007 est.)
rural: 12.7% of population
total: 12.7% of population (2007 est.)
urban: 12.7% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

14 years 14 years 15 years (2014)
female: 15 years (2014)
male: 14 years
total: 14 years

Sex ratio

1.02 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 0.83 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.78 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Urbanization

32% of total population (2015) 1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
urban population: 32% of total population (2015)

Government

Administrative divisions

14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point

Capital

Basseterre 17 18 N, 62 43 W UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates: 17 18 N, 62 43 W
name: Basseterre
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

yes yes yes 14 years
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 14 years

Constitution

several previous (preindependence); latest presented 22 June 1983, effective 23 June 1983 (2016)

Country name

Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis Saint Kitts was, and still is, referred to as Saint Christopher and this name was well established by the 17th century (although who first applied the name is unclear); in the 17th century a common nickname for Christopher was Kit or Kitt, so the island began to be referred to as "Saint Kitt's Island" or just "Saint Kitts"; Nevis is derived from the original Spanish name "Nuestra Senora de las Nieves" (Our Lady of the Snows) and refers to the white halo of clouds that generally wreathes Nevis Peak
conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis
etymology: Saint Kitts was, and still is, referred to as Saint Christopher and this name was well established by the 17th century (although who first applied the name is unclear); in the 17th century a common nickname for Christopher was Kit or Kitt, so the island began to be referred to as "Saint Kitt's Island" or just "Saint Kitts"; Nevis is derived from the original Spanish name "Nuestra Senora de las Nieves" (Our Lady of the Snows) and refers to the white halo of clouds that generally wreathes Nevis Peak
former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Thelma Patricia PHILLIP-BROWNE (since 28 January 2016) 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 [1] (202) 686-2636 [1] (202) 686-5740 Los Angeles, New York
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
chief of mission: Ambassador Thelma Patricia PHILLIP-BROWNE (since 28 January 2016)
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
FAX: [1] (202) 686-5740
telephone: [1] (202) 686-2636

Executive branch

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Samuel W.T. SEATON (since 2 September 2015); note - SEATON was acting Governor General from 20 May to 2 September 2015 Prime Minister Timothy HARRIS (since 18 February 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Shawn RICHARDS (since 22 February 2015) Cabinet appointed by governor general in consultation with prime minister the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by governor general in consultation with prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Samuel W.T. SEATON (since 2 September 2015); note - SEATON was acting Governor General from 20 May to 2 September 2015
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general
head of government: Prime Minister Timothy HARRIS (since 18 February 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Shawn RICHARDS (since 22 February 2015)

Flag description

divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red; green signifies the island's fertility, red symbolizes the struggles of the people from slavery, yellow denotes year-round sunshine, and black represents the African heritage of the people; the white stars stand for the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, but can also express hope and liberty, or independence and optimism

Government type

federal parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

19 September 1983 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO

Judicial branch

the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, which includes Saint Kitts and Nevis; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Kitts and Nevis; note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62 magistrates' courts
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, which includes Saint Kitts and Nevis; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Kitts and Nevis; note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts

Legal system

English common law

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (14 seats; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general; members serve 5-year terms) last held on 16 February 2015 (next to be held by 2020) percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP 3, CCM 2, PLP 1, NRP 1
description: unicameral National Assembly (14 seats; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general; members serve 5-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP 3, CCM 2, PLP 1, NRP 1
elections: last held on 16 February 2015 (next to be held by 2020)

National anthem

"Oh Land of Beauty!" Kenrick Anderson GEORGES adopted 1983
lyrics/music: Kenrick Anderson GEORGES
name: "Oh Land of Beauty!"
note: adopted 1983

National holiday

Independence Day, 19 September (1983)

National symbol(s)

brown pelican, Royal Poinciana (Flamboyant) tree; national colors: green, yellow, red, black, white
brown pelican, Royal Poinciana (Flamboyant) tree; national colors: green, yellow, red, black, white

Political parties and leaders

Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY] Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY] People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS] People's Labour Party or PLP [Timothy HARRIS] Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economy

Agriculture - products

sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish

Budget

$370.4 million $296.3 million (2015 est.)
expenditures: $296.3 million (2015 est.)
revenues: $370.4 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

8.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Central bank discount rate

6.5% (31 December 2009) 6.5% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.3% (31 December 2015 est.) 9.28% (31 December 2014 est.)

Current account balance

-$117 million (2015 est.) -$65 million (2014 est.)

Debt - external

$168.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) $157.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Economy - overview

The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy’s traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in 2009-2013, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses.

Exchange rates

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2015 est.) 2.7 (2014 est.) 2.7 (2013 est.) 2.7 (2012 est.) 2.7 (2011 est.)

Exports

$61.3 million (2015 est.) $62.9 million (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco

Exports - partners

US 44.4%, Poland 14.6%, Bangladesh 10.1%, Azerbaijan 4.3% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

59.4% 20.4% 29.4% 0.1% 34.8% -44.1% (2015 est.)
exports of goods and services: 34.8%
government consumption: 20.4%
household consumption: 59.4%
imports of goods and services: -44.1% (2015 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 29.4%
investment in inventories: 0.1%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

1.4% 26.5% 72.1% (2015 est.)
agriculture: 1.4%
industry: 26.5%
services: 72.1% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$24,600 (2015 est.) $23,500 (2014 est.) $22,600 (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars
note: data are in 2015 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.6% (2015 est.) 6.1% (2014 est.) 6.2% (2013 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$896 million (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.379 billion (2015 est.) $1.294 billion (2014 est.) $1.22 billion (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars
note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Gross national saving

16.9% of GDP (2015 est.) 21.4% of GDP (2014 est.) 21.1% of GDP (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%
highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%

Imports

$240.3 million (2015 est.) $241.8 million (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, manufactures, food, fuels

Imports - partners

US 37.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.7%, Barbados 4.4% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

10% (2015 est.)

Industries

tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-2.3% (2015 est.) 0.2% (2014 est.)

Labor force

18,170 (June 1995 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$598.4 million (31 December 2011) $598.4 million (31 December 2011) $623.9 million (31 December 2010)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

83% of GDP (2013 est.) 144% of GDP (2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$964.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) $1.094 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$740.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) $691.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$231.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) $215.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

41.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.5% (1997)

Broadcast media

the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)

Internet country code

.kn

Internet users

39,000 75.7% (July 2015 est.)
percent of population: 75.7% (July 2015 est.)
total: 39,000

Telephone system

good interisland and international connections interisland links via ECFS; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 140 per 100 persons country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables (2015)
domestic: interisland links via ECFS; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 140 per 100 persons
general assessment: good interisland and international connections
international: country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

19,748 38 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (July 2015 est.)
total subscriptions: 19,748

Telephones - mobile cellular

73,000 141 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 141 (July 2015 est.)
total: 73,000

Transportation

Airports

2 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
total: 2

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

V4 (2016)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 16, cargo 81, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1 73 (Belgium 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Greece 2, India 2, Japan 2, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Turkey 18, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 8, US 1) (2010)
by type: bulk carrier 16, cargo 81, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 73 (Belgium 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Greece 2, India 2, Japan 2, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Turkey 18, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 8, US 1) (2010)
total: 152

Ports and terminals

Basseterre, Charlestown
major seaport(s): Basseterre, Charlestown

Railways

50 km 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)
narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)
total: 50 km

Roadways

383 km 163 km 220 km (2002)
paved: 163 km
total: 383 km
unpaved: 220 km (2002)

Military and Security

Military branches

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Security, Labour, Immigration, and Social Security: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2013)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Security, Labour, Immigration, and Social Security: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2013)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity