1988 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1988 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Climate
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Comparative area
about the size of Maryland
Environment
deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Ethnic divisions
85% Hutu, 14% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)
Fiscal year
calendar year
Infant mortality rate
102/1,000(1985)
Labor force
3.6 million (1985); 91% agriculture, 2% industry and commerce, 7% government and services
Land boundaries
877 km total
Land use
29% arable land; 11% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 10% forest and woodland; 32% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Language
Kinyarwanda, French (official); Kiswahili used in commercial centers
Life expectancy
48
Literacy
37%
Monetary conversion rate
15.6 Iei=US$l (November 1986)
Nationality
noun — Rwandan(s); adjective— Rwandan
Population
6,811,336 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 3.53%
Religion
65% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim; indigenous beliefs
Special notes
landlocked
Terrain
mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west
Total area
26,340 km2; land area: 24,950 km2
Government
Administrative divisions
10 prefectures, subdivided into 143 communes
Branches
executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); unicameral legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates)
Capital
Kigali
Communists
no Communist party
Elections
national elections, including constitutional referendum and presidential plebiscite, held December 1978; National Development Council elected and President reelected in December 1983 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a development movement, not a party)
Government leader
Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of State (since 1973)
Legal system
based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
AfDB, EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
National Day, 1 July
Official name
Republic of Rwanda
Suffrage
universal adult
Type
republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices
Economy
Agriculture
cash crops — mainly coffee, tea, some pyrethrum; main food crops — bananas, cassava; stock raising; selfsufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs
Electric power
42,000 kW capacity; 110 million kWh produced, 16 kWh per capita (1986)
Exports
$130.6 million (f.o.b., 1985 est); mainly coffee, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum
GDP
$1.6 billion, $270 per capita; real growth rate, 5.5% (1984 est.) St. Christopher and Nevis
Imports
$298.7 million (c.i.f., 1985 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Major industries
mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin factory, cement factory, agricultural processing, and production of beer, soft drinks, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Major trade partners
US, Belgium, FRG,
Natural resources
gold, cassiterite, wolframite
Communications
Airfields
160 total; 15 with runways 2,500 m or longer
Branches
Romanian People's Army, Security Troops; Patriotic Guard, Air and Air Defense Forces, Romanian Navy
Civil air
70 major transport aircraft
Freight carried
rail— 289.3 million metric tons, 75.2 billion metric ton/km; highway— 417.7 million metric tons, 7.3 billion metric ton/km; waterway — 17.21 million metric tons, 2.5 billion metric ton/km (1984)
Highways
72,799 km total; 15,526 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 20,199 km asphalt treated; 27,874 km gravel, crushed stone, and other paved surfaces; 9,200 km unpaved roads (1984)
Inland waterways
1,724 km (1984)
Military budget
announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, 12.2 billion lei; about 3.6% of total budget Kagitumba See reflonal map VII
Military manpower
males 15-49, 5,648,000; 4,780,000 fit for military service; 218,000 reach military age (20) annually
Pipelines
2,800 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 6,400 km natural gas
Ports
4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 7 minor; principal inland ports are Giurgiu, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, and Orsova
Railroads
11,106 km total; 10,589 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 472 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge; 3,113 km electrified, 2,712 km double track; government owned (1984)
Telecommunications
37 AM, 30 FM, 35 TV stations; 3,910,000 TV sets; 3,225,000 receiver sets; 1 satellite ground station Defense Forces