1983 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1983 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Agriculture
net exporter; main crops — corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock — cattle, hogs, sheep; consumer and food supplies weak
Area
237,499 km2; 44% arable; 27% forest; 19% other agricultural; 10% other
Branches
Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State
Capital
Bucharest
Coastline
225 km People
Communists
3,150,812 (December 1981)
Crude steel
13.0 million metric tons produced (1982), 578 kg per capita
Elections
elections held every five years for Grand National Assembly deputies and local people's councils Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolae Ceau$escu, Secretary General
Electric power
17,205,000 kW capacity (1983); 66.215 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,825 kWh per capita
Ethnic divisions
88.1% Romanian; 7.9% Hungarian; 1.6% German; 2.4% Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy
Exports
$11.6 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 31.8% machinery and equipment; 23. 7% fuels, minerals, and metals; 16.2% manufactured consumer goods; 13.5% agricultural materials and forestry products, 14.8% other (1981)
Fiscal year
calendar year Communications Railroads. -11,110km total; 10,506km 1.435meter standard gauge, 559 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge; 2,367 km electrified, 2,424 km double track; government owned (1980)
Fishing
catch 209,000 metric tons (1981)
GNP
$104.8 billion in 1982 (1982 dollars), $4,238 per capita; 1982 real growth rate, 2.7%
Government leaders
Nicolae CEAUS. ESCU, President of the Socialist Republic (head of state); Constantin DASCALESCU, Prime Minister
Imports
$9.7 billion (f.o.b. 1982); 23.7% fuels, minerals, and metals; 31.8% machinery and equipment; 11.6% agricultural and forestry products; 3.9% manufactured consumer goods; 10.1% other (1981)
Labor force
10.4 million (1981); 28.9% agriculture, 36.1% industry, 35% other nonagricultural (1982) Government
Land boundary
2,969 km Water
Language
Romanian, Hungarian, German
Legal system
mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory that increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm
Literacy
98%
Major industries
mining, forestry, construction materials, metal production and processing, chemicals, machine building, food processing
Major trade partners
$21.3 billion in 1982; 51% non-Communist countries, 49% Communist countries (1982)
Member of
CEMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy
Monetary conversion rate
16.5 lei=US$l (December 1983)
National holiday
Liberation Day, 23 August
Nationality
noun — Romanian(s); adjective — Romanian
Official name
Socialist Republic of Romania
Political subdivisions
41 counties, including city of Bucharest, which has administrative status equal to a county, and 46 municipalities
Population
22,683,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.5%
Religion
80% Romanian Orthodox; 6% Roman Catholic; 4% Calvinist, Lutheran, Jewish, and Baptist
Shortages
iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber
Suffrage
universal and compulsory over age
Type
Communist state
Voting strength
(1980 election) overall participation reached 99.99%; of those registered to vote (15,631,351), 98.52% voted for party candidates