2019 Edition

Background

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Area

Land

91,470 sq km

Total

92,090 sq km

Water

620 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly smaller than Virginia

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline

1,793 km

Elevation

Highest Point

Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Lowest Point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Mean Elevation

372 m

Environment Current Issues

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas

Environment International Agreements

Party To

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed But Not Ratified

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Geographic Coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography Note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated Land

5,400 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

Border Countries

Spain 1224 km

Total

1,224 km

Land Use

Agricultural Land

39.7% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Arable Land

11.9% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Crops

7.8% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Pasture

20% (2011 est.)

Forest

37.8% (2011 est.)

Other

22.5% (2011 est.)

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map References

Europe

Maritime Claims

Contiguous Zone

24 nm

Continental Shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Exclusive Economic Zone

200 nm

Territorial Sea

12 nm

Natural Hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakesvolcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural Resources

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Population Distribution

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Terrain

the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Age Structure

0 14 Years

14.01% (male 743,277 /female 707,437)

15 24 Years

10.89% (male 580,709 /female 546,908)

25 54 Years

42.04% (male 2,143,735 /female 2,209,736)

55 64 Years

12.8% (male 605,113 /female 720,192)

65 Years And Over

20.26% (male 838,606 /female 1,259,780) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

8.2 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

73.9% (2014)

Current Health Expenditure

9.1% (2016)

Death Rate

10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Elderly Dependency Ratio

31.8 (2015 est.)

Potential Support Ratio

3.1 (2015 est.)

Total Dependency Ratio

53.4 (2015 est.)

Youth Dependency Ratio

21.6 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved Rural

100% of population

Improved Total

100% of population

Improved Urban

100% of population

Unimproved Rural

0% of population

Unimproved Total

0% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

0% of population

Education Expenditures

4.9% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic Groups

white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal

HIV/AIDS Adult Prevalence Rate

0.5% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS Deaths

<500 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS People Living With HIV/AIDS

41,000 (2018 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant Mortality Rate

Female

2.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

3 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Female

84.2 years

Male

77.7 years

Total Population

80.9 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Female

94.4% (2015)

Male

97.1%

Total Population

95.7%

Major Urban Areas Population

2.942 million LISBON (capital), 1.31 million Porto (2019)

Maternal Mortality Rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median Age

Female

45.6 years

Male

41.8 years

Total

43.7 years (2018 est.)

Mother's Mean Age at First Birth

30.2 years (2015 est.)

Nationality

Adjective

Portuguese

Noun

Portuguese (singular and plural)

Net Migration Rate

-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

20.8% (2016)

Physicians Density

3.34 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Population

10,355,493 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

-0.27% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved Rural

99.8% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Total

99.7% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Urban

99.6% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Rural

0.2% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Total

0.3% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

0.4% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

Female

16 years (2016)

Male

16 years

Total

16 years

Sex Ratio

0 14 Years

1.05 male(s)/female

15 24 Years

1.06 male(s)/female

25 54 Years

0.97 male(s)/female

55 64 Years

0.84 male(s)/female

65 Years And Over

0.67 male(s)/female

At Birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total Population

0.9 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.39 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

Female

25.5% (2017 est.)

Male

22.4%

Total

23.9%

Urbanization

Rate Of Urbanization

0.47% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Urban Population

65.8% of total population (2019)

Administrative Divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital

Daylight Saving Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Geographic Coordinates

38 43 N, 9 08 W

Name

Lisbon

Time Difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship By Birth

no

Citizenship By Descent Only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

Dual Citizenship Recognized

yes

Residency Requirement For Naturalization

10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Constitution

Amendments

proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005 (2016)

History

several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976

Country Name

Conventional Long Form

Portuguese Republic

Conventional Short Form

Portugal

Etymology

name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale" meaning "Port of Cale"; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal

Local Long Form

Republica Portuguesa

Local Short Form

Portugal

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador George E. GLASS (since 25 August 2017)

Consulate S

Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Embassy

Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon

Fax

[351] (21) 726-9109

Mailing Address

Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726

Telephone

[351] (21) 727-3300

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

Chancery

2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Domingos Teixeira de Abreu FEZAS VITAL (since 28 January 2016)

Consulate S

New Bedford (MA), Newark (NJ), Providence (RI)

Consulate's General

Boston, New York, San Francisco

Fax

[1] (202) 223-3926

Telephone

[1] (202) 332-3007

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

Chief Of State

President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)

Election Results

Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, Antonio Sampaio da NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria de BELEM (independent) 4.2%, other 10.8%

Elections Appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held in January 2021); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

Head Of Government

Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015)

Flag Description

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government Type

semi-presidential republic

Independence

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International Law Organization Participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial Branch

Highest Courts

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)

Judge Selection And Term Of Office

Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms

Subordinate Courts

Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Legal System

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Legislative Branch

Description

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)

Election Results

percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79, B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)

Elections

last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)

National Anthem

Lyrics Music

Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL

Name

"A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)

National Holiday

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died

National Symbol S

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green

Political Parties And Leaders

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] Ecologist Party "The Greens" or "Os Verdes" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA] People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA] Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO] Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA] The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS] Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget

Expenditures

100 billion (2017 est.)

Revenues

93.55 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

2015

0.05%

2016

0%

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

31 December 2016

3.77%

31 December 2017

3.21%

Current Account Balance

2016

$1.218 billion

2017

$993 million

Debt External

31 March 2015

$447 billion

31 March 2016

$449 billion

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

2014

34

2015

33.9

Economy Overview

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members.The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013.The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.

Exchange Rates

2013

0.7634

2014

0.7525

2015

0.9214

2016

0.903

2017

0.885

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exports

2016

$54.76 billion

2017

$61 billion

Exports Commodities

agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Exports Partners

Spain 25.2%, France 12.5%, Germany 11.3%, UK 6.6%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 4% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

GDP Composition By End Use

Exports Of Goods And Services

43.1% (2017 est.)

Government Consumption

17.6% (2017 est.)

Household Consumption

65.1% (2017 est.)

Imports Of Goods And Services

-42.1% (2017 est.)

Investment In Fixed Capital

16.2% (2017 est.)

Investment In Inventories

0.1% (2017 est.)

GDP Composition By Sector Of Origin

Agriculture

2.2% (2017 est.)

Industry

22.1% (2017 est.)

Services

75.7% (2017 est.)

GDP Official Exchange Rate

$218 billion (2017 est.)

GDP Per Capita Ppp

2015

$29,100

2016

$29,600

2017

$30,500

GDP Purchasing Power Parity

2015

$301 billion

2016

$305.9 billion

2017

$314.1 billion

GDP Real Growth Rate

2015

1.8%

2016

1.6%

2017

2.7%

Gross National Saving

2015

15.9% of GDP

2016

16.1% of GDP

2017

16.8% of GDP

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

Highest 10

25.9% (2015 est.)

Lowest 10

2.6%

Imports

2016

$64.98 billion

2017

$74.73 billion

Imports Commodities

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials

Imports Partners

Spain 32%, Germany 13.7%, France 7.4%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 5.4% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

3.5% (2017 est.)

Industries

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

2016

0.6%

2017

1.6%

Labor Force

5.233 million (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

Agriculture

8.6%

Industry

23.9%

Services

67.5% (2014 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

31 December 2013

$79.18 billion

31 December 2014

$57.77 billion

31 December 2015

$59.84 billion

Population Below Poverty Line

19% (2015 est.)

Public Debt

2016

129.9% of GDP

2017

125.7% of GDP

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

31 December 2015

$19.4 billion

31 December 2017

$26.11 billion

Stock Of Broad Money

31 December 2016

$81.15 billion

31 December 2017

$106.8 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

31 December 2016

$84.73 billion

31 December 2017

$103.1 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment at Home

31 December 2016

$147.1 billion

31 December 2017

$185.7 billion

Stock Of Domestic Credit

31 December 2016

$311.6 billion

31 December 2017

$356.8 billion

Stock Of Narrow Money

31 December 2016

$81.15 billion

31 December 2017

$106.8 billion

Taxes And Other Revenues

42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2016

11.1%

2017

8.9%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

54.97 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

285,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Production

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

100% (2016)

Electricity Consumption

46.94 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

9.701 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

25% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

35% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

4.616 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

20.56 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

56.9 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

6.258 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

6.541 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

247,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

78,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

323,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

33 (2017 est.)

Total

3,574,047

Broadcast Media

Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

Internet Country Code

.pt

Internet Users

Percent Of Population

70.4% (July 2016 est.)

Total

7,629,560

Telephone System

Domestic

integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations; fixed-line 45 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 109 per 100 persons (2018)

General Assessment

Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities; FttP by 2020; 3G comprehensive and 4G upgrades; 5G developing; LTE-A trials; DSL moves to fibre services; FttP for over 5 million customers by 2020 providing national coverage; (2018)

International

country code - 351; landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019)

Telephones Fixed Lines

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

45 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

4,831,022

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

109 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

11,764,106

Airports

64 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1 524 To 2 437 M

8 (2017)

2 438 To 3 047 M

7 (2017)

914 To 1 523 M

15 (2017)

Over 3 047 M

5 (2017)

Total

43 (2017)

Under 914 M

8 (2017)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

914 To 1 523 M

1 (2013)

Total

21 (2013)

Under 914 M

20 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

CR, CS (2016)

Merchant Marine

By Type

bulk carrier 68, container ship 236, general cargo 84, oil tanker 11, other 177 (2018)

Total

576

National Air Transport System

Annual Freight Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

343,971,094 mt-km (2015)

Annual Passenger Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

12,635,233 (2015)

Inventory Of Registered Aircraft Operated By Air Carriers

122 (2015)

Number Of Registered Air Carriers

12 (2015)

Pipelines

1344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)

Ports And Terminals

Container Port's Teus

Sines (1,669,057) (2017)

Lng Terminal's Import

Sines

Major Seaport S

Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Railways

Broad Gauge

2,439 km 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified) (2014)

Narrow Gauge

108.1 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)

Other

528 km (gauge unspecified) (2014)

Total

3,075 km (2014)

Roadways

Paved

71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) (2008)

Total

82,900 km (2008)

Unpaved

11,606 km (2008)

Waterways

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)

Military And Security Forces

Portuguese Armed Forces: Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP); Portuguese National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2019)

Military Expenditures

2015

1.33% of GDP

2016

1.27% of GDP

2017

1.25% of GDP

2018

1.43% of GDP

2019

1.52% of GDP

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2017)

Disputes International

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit Drugs

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

14 (2018)