2014 Edition

Background

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Area

92,090 sq km 91,470 sq km 620 sq km includes Azores and Madeira Islands

total

92,090 sq km

water

620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline

1,793 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

highest point

Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

party to

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%) 812 cu m/yr (2005)

per capita

812 cu m/yr (2005)

total

8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%)

Geographic coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated land

5,837 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

1,214 km Spain 1,214 km

border countries

Spain 1,214 km

total

1,214 km

Land use

11.88% 7.71% 80.41% (2011)

arable land

11.88%

other

80.41% (2011)

permanent crops

7.71%

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakes limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

volcanism

limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Terrain

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Total renewable water resources

68.7 cu km (2011)

Age structure

15.9% (male 893,902/female 821,062) 11.4% (male 654,102/female 579,440) 42.2% (male 2,304,503/female 2,260,556) 11.9% (male 599,380/female 685,279) 18.4% (male 824,062/female 1,191,548) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

15.9% (male 893,902/female 821,062)

15-24 years

11.4% (male 654,102/female 579,440)

25-54 years

42.2% (male 2,304,503/female 2,260,556)

55-64 years

11.9% (male 599,380/female 685,279)

65 years and over

18.4% (male 824,062/female 1,191,548) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

9.42 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

36,569 3 % data represents children ages 6-14 (2001 est.)

percentage

3 %

total number

36,569

Contraceptive prevalence rate

86.8% (2005/06)

Death rate

10.97 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

50.8 % 22.1 % 28.7 % 3.5 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

28.7 %

potential support ratio

3.5 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

50.8 %

youth dependency ratio

22.1 %

Drinking water source

urban: 99.8% of population rural: 99.9% of population total: 99.8% of population urban: 0.2% of population rural: 0.1% of population total: 0.2% of population (2012 est.)

rural

0.1% of population

total

0.2% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0.2% of population

Education expenditures

5.6% of GDP (2010)

Ethnic groups

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

Health expenditures

10.4% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.6% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 500 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

42,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

4.48 deaths/1,000 live births 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births 4.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

female

4.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

total

4.48 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

79.01 years 75.76 years 82.47 years (2014 est.)

female

82.47 years (2014 est.)

total population

79.01 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 95.4% 97% 94% (2011 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

94% (2011 est.)

male

97%

total population

95.4%

Major urban areas - population

LISBON (capital) 2.843 million; Porto 1.367 million (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

41.1 years 39 years 43.3 years (2014 est.)

female

43.3 years (2014 est.)

male

39 years

total

41.1 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

29.2 (2011 est.)

Nationality

Portuguese (singular and plural) Portuguese

adjective

Portuguese

noun

Portuguese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

2.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

24% (2008)

Physicians density

3.76 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

10,813,834 (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

0.12% (2014 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim, other) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% represents population 15 years of age and older (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

16 years 16 years 17 years (2010)

female

17 years (2010)

male

16 years

total

16 years

Sex ratio

1.07 male(s)/female 1.09 male(s)/female 1.13 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female 0.69 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

1.09 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.13 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.69 male(s)/female

at birth

1.07 male(s)/female

total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.52 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

37.6% 36.4% 39.1% (2012)

female

39.1% (2012)

total

37.6%

Urbanization

61.1% of total population (2011) 0.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

61.1% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital

Lisbon 38 43 N, 9 08 W UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

38 43 N, 9 08 W

name

Lisbon

time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976; amended several times, last in 2005 (2013)

Country name

Portuguese Republic Portugal Republica Portuguesa Portugal

conventional long form

Portuguese Republic

conventional short form

Portugal

local long form

Republica Portuguesa

local short form

Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Robert A. SHERMAN (since 12 February 2014) Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 [351] (21) 727-3300 [351] (21) 726-9109 Ponta Delgada (Azores)

chief of mission

Ambassador Robert A. SHERMAN (since 12 February 2014)

consulate(s)

Ponta Delgada (Azores)

embassy

Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon

FAX

[351] (21) 726-9109

mailing address

Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726

telephone

[351] (21) 727-3300

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO (since 10 February 2011) 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 [1] (202) 350-5400 [1] (202) 462-3726 Boston, New York, Newark (NJ), San Francisco New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)

chancery

2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO (since 10 February 2011)

consulate(s)

New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)

consulate(s) general

Boston, New York, Newark (NJ), San Francisco

FAX

[1] (202) 462-3726

telephone

[1] (202) 350-5400

Executive branch

President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) Prime Minister Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO Mamede (since 21 June 2011) Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006)

election results

Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO Mamede (since 21 June 2011)

Flag description

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government type

republic; parliamentary democracy

Independence

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIT, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms

subordinate courts

Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Legal system

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by October 2015) percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8

election results

percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8

elections

last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by October 2015)

National anthem

"A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese) Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event

lyrics/music

Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL

name

"A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)

National holiday

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died

National symbol(s)

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic)

Political parties and leaders

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS] Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro PASSOS COELHO] Socialist Party or PS [Antonio Jose SEGURO] The Left Bloc or BE [Joao Pedro Furtado da Cunha SEMEDO and Catarina Soares MARTINS Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)

Political pressure groups and leaders

Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) [Colonel Pereira CRACEL] the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment) the General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers (UGT) [Carlos SILVA] Portuguese National Workers' Conference (CGTP) [Armenio CARLOS] TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action) the media; labor unions

other

the media; labor unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget

$95.49 billion $106.8 billion (2013 est.)

expenditures

$106.8 billion (2013 est.)

revenues

$95.49 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5.1% of GDP (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate

0.75% (31 December 2013) 1.5% (31 December 2010) this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

6% (31 December 2013 est.) 6.37% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

$1 billion (2013 est.) -$3.365 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$508.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $482.2 billion (31 December 2011)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

38.5 (2007) 35.6 (1995)

Economy - overview

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted in 2009, and fell again from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Austerity measures also have contributed to record unemployment and a wave of emigration not seen since the 1960s. Booming exports will contribute to growth and employment in 2014, but the need to continue to reduce private- and public-sector debt could weigh on consumption and investment. The government of Pedro PASSOS COELHO has stated its intention to reduce labor market rigidity, and, this, along with steps to trim the budget deficit, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign investors. The government reduced the budget deficit from 10.1% of GDP in 2009 to 5.1% in 2013, lower than the EU-IMF fiscal target of 5.5%. Despite these efforts, public debt has continued to grow and, in 2013, stands among the highest in the EU. As a result, the government may have difficulty regaining full bond market financing when the EU-IMF financing program expires in May 2014.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$61 billion (2013 est.) $58.29 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

agricultural products, food products, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Exports - partners

Spain 22.7%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.9%, Angola 6.5%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

64.8% 18.1% 15.5% -0.4% 42% -40% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

42%

government consumption

18.1%

household consumption

64.8%

imports of goods and services

-40%

investment in fixed capital

15.5%

investment in inventories

-0.4%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

2.6% 22.2% 75.2% (2013 est.)

agriculture

2.6%

industry

22.2%

services

75.2% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$22,900 (2013 est.) $23,400 (2012 est.) $24,000 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-1.8% (2013 est.) -3.2% (2012 est.) -1.3% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$219.3 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$243.3 billion (2013 est.) $247.7 billion (2012 est.) $256 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving

15.4% of GDP (2013 est.) 15% of GDP (2012 est.) 11.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3.1% 28.4% (1995 est.)

highest 10%

28.4% (1995 est.)

lowest 10%

3.1%

Imports

$59 billion (2013 est.) $72.35 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials

Imports - partners

Spain 32%, Germany 11.5%, France 6.7%, Italy 5.3%, Netherlands 4.9% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-1% (2013 est.)

Industries

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto parts, base metals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.4% (2013 est.) 2.8% (2012 est.)

Labor force

5.395 million (2013 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

11.7% 28.5% 59.8% (2009 est.)

agriculture

11.7%

industry

28.5%

services

59.8% (2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$65.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $61.69 billion (31 December 2011) $82 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

18% (2006)

Public debt

127.8% of GDP (2013 est.) 123.6% of GDP (2012 est.) data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$22.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $21.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$283.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $301.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$71.26 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $71.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$121.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $117.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$408.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $433.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$86.57 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $88.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.) see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

43.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

16.8% (2013 est.) 15.7% (2012 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

54.17 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

222,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

5,250 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

50.26 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

2.873 billion kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

49% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

21.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

24.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

10.76 billion kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

18.92 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

49.92 billion kWh (2011 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

5.143 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

5.185 billion cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

4.904 billion cu m (2012 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

259,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

61,010 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

84,080 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

252,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP),the publicly-owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)

Internet country code

.pt

Internet hosts

3.748 million (2012)

Internet users

5.168 million (2009)

Telephone system

Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)

domestic

integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations

general assessment

Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities

international

country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)

Telephones - main lines in use

4.558 million (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

12.312 million (2012)

Airports

64 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

8 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

8

2,438 to 3,047 m

7

914 to 1,523 m

15

over 3,047 m

5

total

43

under 914 m

8 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

20 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

1

total

21

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4) 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)

foreign-owned

81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4)

registered in other countries

15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)

total

109

Pipelines

gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

major seaport(s)

Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Railways

3,319 km 2,700 km 1.668-m gauge (1,436 km electrified) 192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

narrow gauge

192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

total

3,319 km

Roadways

82,900 km 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) 11,606 km (2008)

total

82,900 km

unpaved

11,606 km (2008)

Waterways

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)

Manpower available for military service

2,566,264 2,458,297 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,458,297 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,566,264

Manpower fit for military service

2,103,080 2,018,004 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,018,004 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,103,080

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

62,208 54,786 (2010 est.)

female

54,786 (2010 est.)

male

62,208

Military branches

Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)

Military expenditures

1.29% of GDP (2014) 1.2% of GDP (2013) 1.78% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)

Disputes - international

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Refugees and internally displaced persons

553 (2012)

stateless persons

553 (2012)