1984 Edition

Agriculture

self-sufficient for minimum requirements; main crops — grain, sugar beets, oilseed, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer of grains

Airfields

343 total, 293 usable; 65 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Constabulary — Integrated National Police

unicameral legislative (Sejm), executive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus

Polish People's Army, Internal Defense Forces, Territorial Defense, National Air Defense Forces, Air Force Command, Polish Navy

Capital

Warsaw

Civil air

approximately 80 major transport aircraft

Coastline

491 km People

Communists

2.4 million (1983)

Crude steel

14.8 million metric tons produced (1982), about 405 kg. per capita

Elections

parliamentary and local government every four years; March 1984 election postponed Dominant political party and leader: Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR; Communist), Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary

Electric power

27,340,000 kW capacity (1983); 121.468 billion kWh produced (1983), 3,048 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainian, 0.5% Byelorussian, less than 0.05% Jewish, 0.2% other

Exports

$15.626 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 57.7% machinery and equipment, 26.2% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures, 8.7% light industrial products, 7.4% agricultural and food products (1982)

Fiscal year

same as calendar year; economic data are reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year, 1 July-30 June Communications

Fishing

catch 642,000 metric tons (1982)

Freight carried

rail — 402. 1 million metric tons (1982), 1 12.7 billion metric ton/km (1982); highway— 1,379.3 million metric tons, 34.0 billion metric ton/km (1982); waterway — 13.7 million metric tons, 1.6 billion metric ton/km (1982)

GNP

$186.8 billion in 1982 (1982 dollars), $5,160 per capita; 1982 growth rate -4.8%

Government leaders

Army Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI, Chairman of Council of Ministers (Premier); Henryk JABLONSKI, Chairman of Council of State (President)

Highways

152,800 km total (1980); 27,800 km paved; 73,000 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 52,000 km unimproved earth

291,166 km total; 67,537 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 114,904 km crushed stone, gravel; 116,675 km earth (1982)

Imports

$14.96 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 34.4% machinery and equipment; 36.5% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 17.5% agricultural and food products; 4.6% light industrial products (1982)

Inland waterways

3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels

4,040 km navigable rivers and canals (1982)

Labor force

19.3 million; 27% agriculture, 32% industry, 41% other nonagricultural (1980)

Land boundaries

3,090 km Water

Language

Polish, no significant dialects

Legal system

mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at seven law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (6 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea; fishing 200 nm, lateral limits based on geographical coordinates)

Literacy

98%

Major industries

machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, and food processing

Major trade partners

$30.586 billion (1982); 65% with Communist countries, 35% with West

Member of

CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICES, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, ILO, IMO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, Korea Truce Commission, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, Warsaw Pact, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $600 million; about 14% of central government budget Land 312,612 km2; 49% arable, 27% forest, 14% other agricultural, 10% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 201.5 billion ztotys; 7.6% of total budget Portugal Atlantic Ocean PORTUBAL? $PMN f ,s tbtai* Is. MADEIRA ISLANDS

Military manpower

males 15-49, 13,865,000; 9,827,000 fit for military service; about 584,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 9,320,000; 7,402,000 fit for military service; 256,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

95.49 ztotys=US$l (February 1984)

National holiday

National Liberation Day, 22 July

Nationality

noun — Pole(s); adjective — Polish

Official name

Polish People's Republic

Organized labor

new government trade unions formed following dissolution of Solidarity and all other government unions in October 1982 Government

Other political or pressure groups

United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Patriotic Movement of National Rebirth (PRON)

Pipelines

refined products, 357 km

3,540 km for natural gas; 1,600 km for crude oil; 322 km for refined products

Political subdivisions

49 provinces

Population

36,887,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.9%

Ports

10 major, numerous minor

4 major (Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie), 12 minor (1979); principal inland waterway ports are Gliwice, Wroclaw, and Warsaw (1979) Defense Forces

Railroads

27,158 km total; 23,951 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 397 km 1.534-meter broad gauge, 2,810 km narrow gauge; 8,843 km double track; 7,410 km electrified; government owned (1982)

Religion

95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other

Ships

4 submarines, 1 principal surface combatant, 1 patrol combatant, 23 amphibious warfare ships, 23 mine warfare ships, 50 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 19 amphibious warfare craft, 26 mine warfare craft, 3 underway replenishment ships, 5 fleet support ships, 10 other auxiliaries

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age

Supply

limited small arms and small arms ammunition, small patrol craft production; licensed assembly of transport aircraft; most other materiel obtained from US; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Italy, Singapore, US, and Italy; aircraft and helicopters from West Germany and US

Telecommunications

good international radio and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate; 707,000 telephones (1.28 per 100 popl.); 267 AM stations, including 6 US; and 55 FM stations; 33 TV stations, including 4 US; submarine cables extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; troposphericscatter link to Taiwan; 2 international ground satellite stations; 11 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

Type

Communist state

Voting strength

(March 1980 election) 98.87% voted for Communist-approved single slate Poland (continued)