2018 Edition

Background

The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives. Since 2001, Bougainville has experienced autonomy; a referendum asking the population if they would like independence or greater self rule is tentatively scheduled for June 2019.

Area

land

452,860 sq km

total

462,840 sq km

water

9,980 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly larger than California

Climate

tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation

Coastline

5,152 km

Elevation

elevation extremes

0 m lowest point: Pacific Ocean

mean elevation

667 m

note

4509 highest point: Mount Wilhelm

Environment Current Issues

rain forest loss as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; unsustainable logging practices result in soil erosion, water quality degredation, and loss of habitat and biodiversity; large-scale mining projects cause adverse impacts on forests and water quality (discharge of heavy metals, cyanide, and acids into rivers); severe drought; inappropriate farming practices accelerate land degradion (soil erosion, siltation, loss of soil fertility); destructive fishing practices and coastal pollution due to run-off from land-based activities and oil spills

Environment International Agreements

party to

Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

6 00 S, 147 00 E

Geography Note

note

note 1: shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; generally east-west trending highlands break up New Guinea into diverse ecoregions; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast note 2: Papua New Guinea is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire

Irrigated Land

0 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

border countries (1)

Indonesia 824 km

total

824 km

Land Use

arable land: 0.7% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 1.5% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 0.4% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

2.6% (2011 est.)

forest

63.1% (2011 est.)

other

34.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia

Map References

Oceania

Maritime Claims

continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

note

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural Hazards

active volcanism; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamisvolcanism: severe volcanic activity; Ulawun (2,334 m), one of Papua New Guinea's potentially most dangerous volcanoes, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Rabaul (688 m) destroyed the city of Rabaul in 1937 and 1994; Lamington erupted in 1951 killing 3,000 people; Manam's 2004 eruption forced the island's abandonment; other historically active volcanoes include Bam, Bagana, Garbuna, Karkar, Langila, Lolobau, Long Island, Pago, St. Andrew Strait, Victory, and Waiowa; see note 2 under "Geography - note"

Natural Resources

gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries

Population Distribution

population concentrated in the highlands and eastern coastal areas on the island of New Guinea; predominantly a rural distribution with only about one-fifth of the population residing in urban areas

Terrain

mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills

Age Structure

0-14 years

32.94% (male 1,178,509 /female 1,136,069)

15-24 years

19.94% (male 710,166 /female 690,848)

25-54 years

37.13% (male 1,338,558 /female 1,271,008)

55-64 years

5.59% (male 201,271 /female 191,833)

65 years and over

4.4% (male 153,922 /female 155,148) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

23.3 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children Under The Age Of 5 Years Underweight

27.9% (2010)

Death Rate

6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

elderly dependency ratio

6.1 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio

16.4 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

67.4 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio

61.3 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

improved: urban: 88% of population

rural: 32.8% of population

total: 40% of population

unimproved: urban: 12% of population

rural: 67.2% of population

total: 60% of population (2015 est.)

Education Expenditures

NA

Ethnic Groups

Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian

Health Expenditures

4.3% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.9% (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids Deaths

1,100 (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

48,000 (2017 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

female

31.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male

38.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

total

35.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 indigenous languages spoken (about 12% of the world's total); many languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers

note

Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood; English is spoken by 1%-2%; Hiri Motu is spoken by less than 2%

Life Expectancy At Birth

female

69.8 years (2018 est.)

male

65.3 years (2018 est.)

total population

67.5 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

female

62.8% (2015 est.)

male

65.6% (2015 est.)

total population

64.2% (2015 est.)

Major Infectious Diseases

degree of risk

very high (2016)

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)

note

active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever and malaria (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

367,000 PORT MORESBY (capital) (2018)

Maternal Mortality Rate

215 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median Age

female

23.4 years (2018 est.)

male

23.5 years

total

23.4 years

Nationality

adjective

Papua New Guinean

noun

Papua New Guinean(s)

Net Migration Rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

21.3% (2016)

People Note

the indigenous population of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the most heterogeneous in the world; PNG has several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people; divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in low-scale tribal conflict with their neighbors for millennia; the advent of modern weapons and modern migrants into urban areas has greatly magnified the impact of this lawlessness

Physicians Density

0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

7,027,332 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

1.67% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 69.4% (Evangelical Lutheran 19.5%, United Church 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, Pentecostal 8.6%, Evangelical Alliance 5.2%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.5%, other Protestant 8.9%), Baha'i 0.3%, indigenous beliefs and other 3.3% (2000 census)

Sanitation Facility Access

improved: urban: 56.4% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 13.3% of population (2015 est.)

total: 18.9% of population (2015 est.)

unimproved: urban: 43.6% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 86.7% of population (2015 est.)

total: 81.1% of population (2015 est.)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

15-24 years

1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

25-54 years

1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

55-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over

1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.97 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

female

3% (2010 est.)

male

4.3% (2010 est.)

total

3.6% (2010 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

2.51% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

13.2% of total population (2018)

Administrative Divisions

20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain, West Sepik

Capital

geographic coordinates

9 27 S, 147 11 E

name

Port Moresby

note

Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)

time difference

UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Papua New Guinea

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

8 years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority; amended many times, last in 2014 (2018)

history

adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975 (2018)

Country Name

abbreviation

PNG

conventional long form

Independent State of Papua New Guinea

conventional short form

Papua New Guinea

etymology

the word "papua" derives from the Malay "papuah" describing the frizzy hair of the Melanesians; Spanish explorer Ynigo ORTIZ de RETEZ applied the term "Nueva Guinea" to the island of New Guinea in 1545 after noting the resemblance of the locals to the peoples of the Guinea coast of Africa

former

Territory of Papua and New Guinea

local short form

Papuaniugini

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

chief of mission

Ambassador Catherine EBERT-GRAY (since 23 February 2016); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu

embassy

P.O. Box 1492, Port Moresby

FAX

[675] 321-3423

mailing address

4240 Port Moresby Place, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240

telephone

[675] 321-1455

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery

1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge D’Affaires Elias Rahuromo WOHENGU (since 30 September 2017)

FAX

[1] (202) 745-3679

telephone

[1] (202) 745-3680

Executive Branch

cabinet

National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Grand Chief Sir Bob DADAE (since 28 February 2017)

election results

Peter Paire O'NEILL (PNC) reelected prime minister; National Parliament vote - 60 to 46

elections/appointments

the monarchy is hereditary; governor general nominated by the National Parliament and appointed by the chief of state; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general pending the outcome of a National Parliament vote

head of government

Prime Minister Peter Paire O'NEILL (since 2 August 2011); Deputy Prime Minister Charles ABEL (since 4 August 2017)

Flag Description

divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered; red, black, and yellow are traditional colors of Papua New Guinea; the bird of paradise - endemic to the island of New Guinea - is an emblem of regional tribal culture and represents the emergence of Papua New Guinea as a nation; the Southern Cross, visible in the night sky, symbolizes Papua New Guinea's connection with Australia and several other countries in the South Pacific

Government Type

parliamentary democracy (National Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International Organization Participation

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CD, CP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial Branch

highest courts

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, 35 justices, and 5 acting justices); National Courts (consists of 13 courts located in the provincial capitals, with a total of 19 resident judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general upon advice of the National Executive Council (cabinet) after consultation with the National Justice Administration minister; deputy chief justice and other justices appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body that includes the Supreme Court chief and deputy chief justices, the chief ombudsman, and a member of the National Parliament; full-time citizen judges appointed for 10-year renewable terms; non-citizen judges initially appointed for 3-year renewable terms and after first renewal can serve until age 70; appointment and tenure of National Court resident judges NA

subordinate courts

district, village, and juvenile courts, military courts, taxation courts, coronial courts, mining warden courts, land courts, traffic courts, committal courts, grade five courts

Legal System

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

Legislative Branch

description

unicameral National Parliament (111 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provinicial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the constitution allows up to 126 seats

election results

percent of vote by party - PNC 37%; NA 13%; Pangu 14%; URP 11%; PPP 4%; SDP 4%; Independents 3%; and smaller parties 14%; seats by party - NA; composition - men 108, women 3, percent of women 3%

elections

last held from 24 June 2017 to 8 July 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)

National Anthem

lyrics/music

Thomas SHACKLADY

name

O Arise All You Sons

note

adopted 1975

National Holiday

Independence Day, 16 September (1975)

National Symbol S

bird of paradise; national colors: red, black

Political Parties And Leaders

National Alliance Party or NAP [Patrick PRUAITCH]Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Sam BASIL]Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Belden NAMAH]People's National Congress Party or PNC [Peter Paire O'NEILL]People's Party or PP [Peter IPATAS]People's Progress Party or PPP [Sir Julius CHAN]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Powes PARKOP]Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party or THE [Don POLYE]United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA]

note

as of 8 July 2017, 45 political parties were registered

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernels, tea, sugar, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, vanilla; poultry, pork; shellfish

Budget

expenditures

4.591 billion (2017 est.)

revenues

3.638 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

14% (31 December 2010)

6.92% (31 December 2009)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

8.4% (31 December 2017 est.)

8.38% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current Account Balance

$4.859 billion (2017 est.)

$4.569 billion (2016 est.)

Debt External

$17.94 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$18.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

50.9 (1996)

Economy Overview

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities.Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. Following construction of a $19 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, PNG LNG, a consortium led by ExxonMobil, began exporting liquefied natural gas to Asian markets in May 2014. The project was delivered on time and only slightly above budget. The success of the project has encouraged other companies to look at similar LNG projects. French supermajor Total is hopes to begin construction on the Papua LNG project by 2020. Due to lower global commodity prices, resource revenues of all types have fallen dramatically. PNG’s government has recently been forced to adjust spending levels downward.Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues. In August, 2017, PNG launched its first-ever national trade policy, PNG Trade Policy 2017-2032. The policy goal is to maximize trade and investment by increasing exports, to reduce imports, and to increase foreign direct investment (FDI).

Exchange Rates

kina (PGK) per US dollar -

3.179 (2017 est.)

3.133 (2016 est.)

3.133 (2015 est.)

2.7684 (2014 est.)

2.4614 (2013 est.)

Exports

$8.522 billion (2017 est.)

$9.224 billion (2016 est.)

Exports Commodities

liquefied natural gas, oil, gold, copper ore, nickel, cobalt logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, copra, spice (turmeric, vanilla, ginger, and cardamom), crayfish, prawns, tuna, sea cucumber

Exports Partners

Australia 18.9%, Singapore 17.5%, Japan 13.8%, China 12.7%, Philippines 4.7%, Netherlands 4.2%, India 4.2% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services

49.3% (2017 est.)

government consumption

19.7% (2017 est.)

household consumption

43.7% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-22.3% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

10% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories

0.4% (2017 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture

22.1% (2017 est.)

industry

42.9% (2017 est.)

services

35% (2017 est.)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$19.82 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$3,700 (2017 est.)

$3,600 (2016 est.)

$3,700 (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$30.19 billion (2017 est.)

$29.44 billion (2016 est.)

$28.98 billion (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

2.5% (2017 est.)

1.6% (2016 est.)

5.3% (2015 est.)

Gross National Saving

36.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

38% of GDP (2016 est.)

33.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%

40.5% (1996 est.)

lowest 10%

40.5% (1996)

Imports

$1.876 billion (2017 est.)

$2.077 billion (2016 est.)

Imports Commodities

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals

Imports Partners

Australia 30.1%, China 17.3%, Singapore 10.2%, Malaysia 8.2%, Indonesia 4% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

3.3% (2017 est.)

Industries

copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining (gold, silver, copper); crude oil and petroleum products; construction, tourism, livestock (pork, poultry, cattle), dairy products, spice products (turmeric, vanilla, ginger, cardamom, chili, pepper, citronella, and nutmeg), fisheries products

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

5.4% (2017 est.)

6.7% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

3.681 million (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture

85%

industry

NA

services

NA

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

$10.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

$8.999 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$9.742 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population Below Poverty Line

37% (2002 est.)

Public Debt

36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$1.735 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$5.409 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$5.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

note

NA

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment At Home

note

NA

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$7.091 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$7.223 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$5.409 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$5.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes And Other Revenues

18.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2.5% (2017 est.)

2.5% (2016 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

6.082 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

55,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

22,220 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

50,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

183.8 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

electrification - rural areas

10% (2012)

electrification - total population

18% (2012)

electrification - urban areas

72% (2012)

population without electricity

5,568,879 (2012)

Electricity Consumption

3.237 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

0 kWh (2017 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

63% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

30% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

7% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

900,900 kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

3.481 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

99.11 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

11.1 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

11.18 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

210.5 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

37,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

17,110 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

22,170 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

less than 1 (2017 est.)

total

17,000 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

4 TV stations: 1 commercial station operating since 1987, 1 state-run station launched in 2008, 1 digital free-to-view network launched in 2014, and 1 satellite network Click TV (PNGTV) launched in 2015; the state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; several commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well as several community stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible (2018)

Internet Country Code

.pg

Internet Users

percent of population

9.6% (July 2016 est.)

total

652,071 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic

access to telephone services is not widely available although combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to roughly 55 per 100 persons (2016)

general assessment

services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services (2016)

international

country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service (2016)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

2 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

154,000 (July 2016 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

55 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

3.782 million (July 2016 est.)

Airports

561 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

12 (2017)

2,438 to 3,047 m

2 (2017)

914 to 1,523 m

5 (2017)

over 3,047 m

1 (2017)

total

21 (2017)

under 914 m

1 (2017)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

11 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

53 (2013)

total

540 (2013)

under 914 m

476 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

P2 (2016)

Heliports

2 (2013)

Merchant Marine

by type

container ship 8, general cargo 80, oil tanker 3, other 82 (2017)

total

173 (2017)

National Air Transport System

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

34,827,034 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

2,062,584 (2015)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

47 (2015)

number of registered air carriers

6 (2015)

Pipelines

264 km oil (2013)

Ports And Terminals

LNG terminal(s) (export)

Port Moresby

major seaport(s)

Kimbe, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Wewak

Roadways

paved

3,000 km (2011)

total

9,349 km (2011)

unpaved

6,349 km (2011)

Waterways

11,000 km (2011)

Military Branches

Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF, includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2013)

Military Expenditures

0.66% of GDP (2014)

0.68% of GDP (2013)

0.72% of GDP (2012)

0.5% of GDP (2011)

Military Service Age And Obligation

16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; graduation from grade 12 required (2013)

Disputes International

relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists

Illicit Drugs

major consumer of cannabis

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

IDPs

12,000 (natural disasters, tribal conflict, inter-communal violence, development projects) (2017)

refugees (country of origin)

9,368 (Indonesia) (2017)

Trafficking In Persons

current situation

Papua New Guinea is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; foreign and Papua New Guinean women and children are subjected to sex trafficking, domestic servitude, forced begging, and street vending; parents may sell girls into forced marriages to settle debts or as peace offerings or trade them to another tribe to forge a political alliance, leaving them vulnerable to forced domestic service, or, in urban areas, they may prostitute their children for income or to pay school fees; Chinese, Malaysian, and local men are forced to labor in logging and mining camps through debt bondage schemes; migrant women from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, and the Philippines are subjected to sex trafficking and domestic servitude at logging and mining camps, fisheries, and entertainment sites

tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the Criminal Code Amendment of 2013, which prohibits all forms of trafficking was brought into force in 2014; the government also formed an anti-trafficking committee, which drafted a national action plan; despite corruption problems, trafficking-related crimes were prosecuted in village courts rather than criminal courts, resulting in restitution to the victim but no prison time for offenders; the government did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any officials or law enforcement personnel complicit in trafficking offenses; the government made no efforts to proactively identify trafficking victims, has no formal victim identification and referral mechanism, and does not provide care facilities to victims or funding to shelters run by NGOs or international organizations (2015)