1981 Edition

Area

803,000 km2 (includes Pakistani part of Jammu-Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested

Coastline

1,046 km

Land boundaries

5,900 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Member of

Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

Labor force

24.45 million (1981 est.); 52% agriculture, 21% industry, 27% services.

Language

official, Urdu; total spoken languages — 7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca

Literacy

24% (1980)

Nationality

noun — Pakistani(s); adjective — Pakistani

Organized labor

5% of labor force

Population

93,106,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, (July 1982); average annual growth rate 2.9%

Religion

97% Muslim, 3% other

Capital

Islamabad

Communists

party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand

Elections

opposition agitation against rigging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them; in 1979 elections were postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), pro-Bhutto wing, Mrs. Z. A. Bhutto, moderate wing, Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi; Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party — NAP— of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); the above two are the main groups in the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch elements of the former NAP); Jamiat-ul-Ulema-iPakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), a disintegrating coalition of six parties including Pakistan Muslim League (PML) — Pir of Pagaro group; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Fazlur Rahman

Government leader

President and Chief Martial Law Administrator Gen. Mohammad ZIA-UL-HAQ

Legal system

based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; President Zia's government has established Islamic Shariat courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Koranic punishments for criminal offenses

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, RCD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

National holiday

Pakistan Day, 23 March

Official name

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Other political or pressure groups

military remains strong political force

Political subdivisions

four provinces — Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and NorthWest Frontier — with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control PAKISTAN (Continued)

Suffrage

universal from age 18

Type

parliamentary, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977 and temporarily suspended some constitutional provisions

Agriculture

based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels), fishing, and trade

extensive irrigation; main crops — wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton

Budget

(1980) revenues $3.5 billion, current expenditures $1.964 billion, development expenditures $715 million

FY81 — current expenditure, $3,213.7 million; capital expenditures, $2,669.8 million

Electric power

396,000 kW capacity (1980); 867 million kWh produced (1980), 1,467 kWh per capita

3,920,000 kW capacity (1980); 17.64 billion kWh produced (1980), 207 kWh per capita

Exports

$3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1980) mostly petroleum; non-oil exports (mostly agricultural)

$2,958 million (f.o.b., FY81); primarily rice, cotton (raw and manufactured), carpets, rugs and mats, petroleum products, leather

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 July-30 June

Fishing

catch 304,500 metric tons (FY81 est.)

GNP

$5.2 billion (1980), $5,780 per capita est.

$27.8 billion (FY81 est), $332 per capita; average annual real growth, 5.7% (FY79-81)

Imports

$1.9 billion (c.i.f., 1980)

$5,486 million (f.o.b., FY81; petroleum crude and products, sugar, machinery, tea, medicaments, chemicals, iron and steel

Major industries

petroleum discovery in 1964; production began in 1967; production 1980, 282,000 b/d; pipeline capacity, 400,000 b/d; revenue for 1980 est. at $3.2 billion

cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas

Major trade partners

UK, US, other European, Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan

US, UK, West Germany, Saudi Arabia, Japan, China

Monetary conversion rate

1 Riyal Omani= US$2. 895 (1980)

9.9 rupees=US$l (February 1973 through January 1982)

Airfields

195 total, 143 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 56 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

111 total, 92 usable; 69 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,200-2,439 m

Civil air

23 major transport aircraft, including 7 leased in and 1 leased out

27 major transport aircraft

Highways

2,816 km total; 5 km bituminous surface, 2,811 km motorable track

80,500 km total (1981); 23,500 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 3,100 km improved earth, 30,900 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways

negligible

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1.7 billion; 41% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 213,000; 123,000 fit for military service

Pipelines

crude oil 960 km; natural gas 390 km

230 km crude oil; 1,600 km natural gas

Ports

1 major (Qaboos), 3 minor

2 major, 4 minor

Railroads

8,815 km total (1981); 535 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 7,670 km broad gauge (1.676 m), 610 km narrow gauge (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; government owned

Telecommunications

fair system of open-wire, radiorelay, and radiocommunications stations; 13,000 telephones (0.9 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, no FM, 11 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station, 6 domestic antennas DEFENSE FORCES

good international radiocommunication service over microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radiocommunications poor; broadcast service good; 314,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $1.77 billion; about 27% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 21,754,000; 14,795,000 fit for military service; 1,108,000 reach military age (17) annually