1986 Edition

Agriculture

animal husbandry predominates; main crops — feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages — food grains, sugar

Aid

donor — ODA and OOF economic commitments (1970-83), $2.1 billion

Airfields

1 (Australian-owned airport) with runway 1,220-2,429 m

96 total, 95 usable; 54 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting — Lagting, upper house; Odelsting, lower house); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts

Royal Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force

Budget

revenues, $29.0 billion; expenditures, $25.7 billion

Capital

Oslo

Civil air

62 major transport aircraft

Coastline

mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indentations, which total as much as 16,093 km overall) People

Communists

15,500 est.; 5,500 Norwegian Communist Party (NKP); 10,000 Workers Communist Party Marxist-Leninist (AKPML, pro-Chinese)

Crude petroleum

35.0 million metric tons produced (1984), exports $6.3 billion (1984)

Crude steel

915,000 metric tons produced (1984), 228 kg per capita

Elections

held every four years (next in 1989) Political parties and leaders: Labor, Gro Harlem Brundtland; Conservative, Rolf Presthus (in April 1986); Center, Johan J. Jakobsen; Christian People's, Kjell Magne Bondevik; Liberal, Odd Einar Dorum; Socialist Left, Theo Koritzinsky; Norwegian Communist, Hans I. Kleven; Progressive, Carl I. Hagen

Electric power

23,035,000 kW capacity (1985); 119.082 billion kWh produced (1985), 28,626 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic) and racial-cultural minority of 20,000 Lapps

Exports

$18.9 billion (f.o.b., 1984); principal items — oil, natural gas, metals, chemicals, machinery, fish and fish products, pulp and paper, ships

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 2.48 million metric tons (1984); exports $766 million (1984)

GNP

$53.15 billion in 1984, $12,838 per capita; 48.0% private consumption; 19.4% government consumption; 26.4% gross fixed investment; —0.7% change in stockbuilding; net exports of goods and services 10.0%; 1984 growth rate 3.8%, in 1980 prices

Government leaders

OLAV V, King (since 1957); Rare WILLOCH, Prime Minister (since September 1981)

Highways

80 km of roads, including 53 km of sealed roads; remainder are earth formed or coral surfaced

78,1 16 km total; 17,699 km concrete and bitumen; 19,277 km bituminous treated; 41,140 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

Imports

$13.9 million (c.i.f., 1984); principal items — machinery, fuels and lubricants, transport equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, clothing, ships

Infant mortality rate

7.9/1,000(1983)

Inland waterways

no water on Neapean and Philip

1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum

Labor force

2.031 million (1984); 30.9% services; 19.6% mining and manufacturing; 16.7% commerce; 8.8% transportation; 7.6% construction; 7.2% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 5.7% banking and financial services (1983); 3.9% unemployed (1984)

Land boundaries

2,579 km Water

Language

Norwegian (official); small Lappand Finnish-speaking minorities

Legal system

mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted in 1814 and modified in 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Life expectancy

men 72.7, women 79.5

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

4 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Literacy

100%

Major industries

oil and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals

Major trade partners

59.4% EC (25.3% UK, 16.2% FRG, 12.9% Sweden), 6.7% US (1984)

Member of

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1.6 billion; 10.6% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,049,000; 852,000 fit for military service; 33,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

1.44 Australian dollars=US$l (5 February 1986)

7.69 kroner= US$1 (23 December 1985)

National holiday

Constitution Day, 17 May

Nationality

noun — Norwegian(s); adjective— Norwegian

Natural resources

oil, copper, gas, pyrites, nickel, iron, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydroelectric power

Official name

Kingdom of Norway

Organized labor

66% of labor force (1985) Government

Pipelines

refined products, 53 km

Political subdivisions

19 counties, 407 communes, 47 towns

Population

4,165,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.3%

Ports

none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade

9 major, 69 minor

Railroads

none

4,257 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,242 km (2,443 km electrified and 94 km double track); 16 km privately owned and electrified

Religion

94% Evangelical Lutheran (state church), 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% other

Shortages

most raw materials except timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore; dairy products and fish

Suffrage

universal at age 18 but not compulsory

Telecommunications

1,500 radio receivers (1982); radio link service between island and Sydney; 987 telephones (1982) Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of Australia Jan Mayen and Svalbard are not shown. See ref ionil map V Land Continental Norway, 324,219 km2; slightly larger than New Mexico; Svalbard, 62,160 km2; Jan Mayen, 373 km2; 21% forest; 3% arable, 2% meadow and pasture; 74% other

high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services; 2.39 million telephones (57.9 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 843 FM, 1,744 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables; 6 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

Type

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1985 election) Labor, 40.8%; Conservative, 30.4%; Christian People's, 8.3%; Center, 6.6%; Socialist Left (Socialist Electoral Alliance), 5.5%; Progressive, 3.7%; Liberal, 3.1%; Red Electoral Alliance, 0.6%; Liberal People's Party (antitax), 0.5%; Norwegian Communist, 0.2%; other 0.4%