2011 Edition

Background

British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. In January 2010, Nigeria assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

Area

923,768 sq km 910,768 sq km 13,000 sq km

total

923,768 sq km

water

13,000 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of California

Climate

varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Coastline

853 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

highest point

Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%) 61 cu m/yr (2000)

per capita

61 cu m/yr (2000)

total

8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%)

Geographic coordinates

10 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note

the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

Irrigated land

2,930 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

4,047 km Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

border countries

Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

total

4,047 km

Land use

33.02% 3.14% 63.84% (2005)

arable land

33.02%

other

63.84% (2005)

permanent crops

3.14%

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 200 nm 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

continental shelf

200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

periodic droughts; flooding

Natural resources

natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Terrain

southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

Total renewable water resources

286.2 cu km (2003)

Age structure

40.9% (male 32,476,681/female 31,064,539) 55.9% (male 44,296,228/female 42,534,542) 3.1% (male 2,341,228/female 2,502,355) (2011 est.)

0-14 years

40.9% (male 32,476,681/female 31,064,539)

15-64 years

55.9% (male 44,296,228/female 42,534,542)

65 years and over

3.1% (male 2,341,228/female 2,502,355) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

35.51 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

26.7% (2008)

Death rate

16.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 75% of population rural: 42% of population total: 58% of population urban: 25% of population rural: 58% of population total: 42% of population (2008)

rural

58% of population

total

42% of population (2008)

urban

25% of population

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential

Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Health expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.6% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

220,000 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3.3 million (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)

Infant mortality rate

91.54 deaths/1,000 live births 97.42 deaths/1,000 live births 85.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

female

85.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

total

91.54 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

Life expectancy at birth

47.56 years 46.76 years 48.41 years (2011 est.)

female

48.41 years (2011 est.)

total population

47.56 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 68% 75.7% 60.6% (2003 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

60.6% (2003 est.)

male

75.7%

total population

68%

Major cities - population

Lagos 10.203 million; Kano 3.304 million; Ibadan 2.762 million; ABUJA (capital) 1.857 million; Kaduna 1.519 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever malaria and yellow fever meningococcal meningitis one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever leptospirosis and shistosomiasis rabies highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

aerosolized dust or soil contact disease

one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever

animal contact disease

rabies

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne disease

malaria and yellow fever

water contact disease

leptospirosis and shistosomiasis

Maternal mortality rate

840 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)

Median age

19.2 years 19.2 years 19.3 years (2011 est.)

female

19.3 years (2011 est.)

male

19.2 years

total

19.2 years

Nationality

Nigerian(s) Nigerian

adjective

Nigerian

noun

Nigerian(s)

Net migration rate

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Physicians density

0.395 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

155,215,573 (July 2011 est.) estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

1.935% (2011 est.)

Religions

Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 36% of population rural: 28% of population total: 32% of population urban: 67% of population rural: 72% of population total: 68% of population (2008)

rural

72% of population

total

68% of population (2008)

urban

67% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

9 years 10 years 8 years (2005)

female

8 years (2005)

male

10 years

total

9 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.94 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

4.73 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Urbanization

50% of total population (2010) 3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

50% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara

Capital

Abuja 9 05 N, 7 32 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

9 05 N, 7 32 E

name

Abuja

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999

Country name

Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria

conventional long form

Federal Republic of Nigeria

conventional short form

Nigeria

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Terence P. MCCULLEY 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja [234] (9) 461-4000 [234] (9) 461-4036

chief of mission

Ambassador Terence P. MCCULLEY

embassy

1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja

FAX

[234] (9) 461-4036

mailing address

P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja

telephone

[234] (9) 461-4000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 986-8400 [1] (202) 775-1385 Atlanta, New York

chancery

3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE

consulate(s) general

Atlanta, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 775-1385

telephone

[1] (202) 986-8400

Executive branch

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010) Federal Executive Council president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015) Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%

cabinet

Federal Executive Council

chief of state

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president

election results

Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)

head of government

President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity

Government type

federal republic

Independence

1 October 1960 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Senate - last held on 9 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015) Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 45, ACN 13, ANPP 7, CPC 5, other 4; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 123, ACN 47, CPC 30, ANPP 25, other 9; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were postponed

election results

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 45, ACN 13, ANPP 7, CPC 5, other 4; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 123, ACN 47, CPC 30, ANPP 25, other 9; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were postponed

elections

Senate - last held on 9 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)

National anthem

"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey" John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest

lyrics/music

John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE

name

"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"

National holiday

Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)

National symbol(s)

eagle

Political parties and leaders

Accord Party [Augustine MAZIE, acting]; Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Bisi AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya ONU]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA]; Conference of Nigerian Political Parities or CNPP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Congress for Progressive Change or CPC; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party [Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Dr. Okwesilieze NWODO]; Peoples Progressive Alliance [Larry ESIN]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish

Budget

$20.55 billion $27.9 billion (2010 est.)

expenditures

$27.9 billion (2010 est.)

revenues

$20.55 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2010 est.) 6% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

17.585% (31 December 2010 est.) 18.362% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

$21.85 billion (2010 est.) $13.15 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$9.16 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $7.846 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

43.7 (2003) 50.6 (1997)

Economy - overview

Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government has begun to show the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the banking system, curbing inflation by blocking excessive wage demands, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-10 because of increased oil exports and high global crude prices in 2010. President JONATHAN has pledged to continue the economic reforms of his predecessor with emphasis on infrastructure improvements. Infrastructure is the main impediment to growth and in August 2010 JONATHAN unveiled a power sector blueprint that includes privatization of the state-run electricity generation and distribution facilities. The government also is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads. Nigeria's financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic crises and the Central Bank governor has taken measures to strengthen that sector.

Electricity - consumption

18.14 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

20.13 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Exchange rates

nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 150.88 (2010) 148.9 (2009) 117.8 (2008) 127.46 (2007) 127.38 (2006)

Exports

$73.7 billion (2010 est.) $56.12 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Exports - partners

US 37.4%, India 10.5%, Brazil 7.8%, Spain 6.9% (2010)

GDP - composition by sector

30% 32% 38% (2010 est.)

agriculture

30%

industry

32%

services

38% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,500 (2010 est.) $2,300 (2009 est.) $2,200 (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

8.4% (2010 est.) 7% (2009 est.) 6% (2008 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$216.8 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$377.9 billion (2010 est.) $348.7 billion (2009 est.) $326 billion (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2% 32.4% (2004)

highest 10%

32.4% (2004)

lowest 10%

2%

Imports

$53.46 billion (2010 est.) $30.78 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Imports - partners

China 15.4%, Netherlands 9.7%, US 9.3%, France 4.8%, UK 4.2% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

5.3% (2010 est.)

Industries

crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

13.7% (2010 est.) 11.5% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

13.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Labor force

50.48 million (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

70% 10% 20% (1999 est.)

agriculture

70%

industry

10%

services

20% (1999 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$50.88 billion (31 December 2010) $33.32 billion (31 December 2009) $49.8 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption

7.216 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - exports

15.99 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - production

23.21 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.292 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Oil - consumption

279,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports

2.102 million bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports

187,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - production

2.458 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

37.2 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Population below poverty line

70% (2007 est.)

Public debt

17.8% of GDP (2010 est.) 15.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$34.92 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $44.76 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$74.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $71.98 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$9.521 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $8.606 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$69.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $63.35 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$70.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $61.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$34.65 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $33.45 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

9.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.9% (2007 est.)

Broadcast media

nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal-government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations also operate; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.ng

Internet hosts

1,378 (2010)

Internet users

43.989 million (2009)

Telephone system

further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership reaching 50 per 100 persons in 2009 country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2009)

domestic

the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership reaching 50 per 100 persons in 2009

general assessment

further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem

international

country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

1.05 million (2010)

Telephones - mobile cellular

87.298 million (2010)

Airports

54 (2010)

Airports - with paved runways

3 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

10

2,438 to 3,047 m

11

914 to 1,523 m

5

over 3,047 m

9

total

38

under 914 m

3 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

2 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

11

over 3,047 m

1

total

16

under 914 m

2 (2010)

Heliports

4 (2010)

Merchant marine

cargo 4, chemical tanker 30, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 60, specialized tanker 1 4 (India 1, Spain 1, UK 2) 37 (Bahamas 2, Belize 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, North Korea 1, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Seychelles 1, unknown 4) (2010)

foreign-owned

4 (India 1, Spain 1, UK 2)

registered in other countries

37 (Bahamas 2, Belize 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, North Korea 1, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Seychelles 1, unknown 4) (2010)

total

98

Pipelines

condensate 26 km; gas 2,756 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km; oil 3,441 km; refined products 4,090 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Railways

3,505 km 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2010)

total

3,505 km

Roadways

193,200 km 28,980 km 164,220 km (2004)

total

193,200 km

unpaved

164,220 km (2004)

Transportation - note

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2010, 19 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked with most occurring in the vicinity of the port of Lagos; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Waterways

8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2009)

Manpower available for military service

37,087,711 35,232,127 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

35,232,127 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

37,087,711

Manpower fit for military service

20,839,976 19,867,683 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

19,867,683 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

20,839,976

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

1,767,428 1,687,719 (2010 est.)

female

1,687,719 (2010 est.)

male

1,767,428

Military branches

Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2008)

Nigerian Armed Forces

Army, Navy, Air Force (2008)

Military expenditures

1.5% of GDP (2006)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Disputes - international

Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved

Illicit drugs

a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

Refugees and internally displaced persons

5,778 (Liberia) undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims since President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostly short-term) (2007)

IDPs

undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims since President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostly short-term) (2007)

refugees (country of origin)

5,778 (Liberia)