1985 Edition

Agriculture

livestock raising predominates; main crops — wheat, oats, barley-

cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; main products — wheat, barley, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; some fishing

Aid

heavily dependent on USSR

Airfields

1 usable airfield with permanentsurface runways

Branches

executive — Council of Ministers; legislative — unicameral People's Great Hural; judicial — court system; Supreme Court elected by People's Great Hural

Mongolian People's Army, Air Force

constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives), of which two-thirds are directly elected and one-third are indirectly elected; judiciary independent of other branches

Capital

Ulaanbaatar

Rabat

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

Coastline

1,835 km People

Communists

estimated MPRP membership, 81,000(1984)

2,000 est.

Elections

legislative election theoretically held every four years; last election held June Political party and leader: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Jambyn Batmonh, General Secretary (since August 1984)

provincial elections held 10 June 1983; elections for National Assembly held 14 September 1984 Political parties and leaders: Morocco has 1 4 political parties; the major ones are as follows— Istiqlal Party, M'Hamed Boucetta; Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Abderrahim Bouabid; Popular Movement (MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; National Assembly of Independents (RNI) formed in October 1978 is progovernment grouping of previously unaffiliated deputies in parliament, Ahmed Osman; National Democratic Party (PND), a splinter group from the RNI formed July 1981, Mohamed Arsalane El-Jadidi; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legalized in August 1974, is front for Moroccan Communist Party (PCM), which was proscribed in 1959, Ali Yata; new promonarchy party — The Constitutional Union (UC), Maati Bouabid

Electric power

557,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.885 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,000 kWh per capita

2,100,000 kW capacity (1984); 6.438 billion kWh produced (1984), 273 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other

99.1% ArabBerber, 0.7% non-Moroccan, 0.2% Jewish

Exports

livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals

$2.10 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); 38% phosphates, 62% other

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 320,000 metric tons (1983); exports $165 million (1983)

Freight carried

rail — 10.7 million metric tons, 3,609 million metric ton/km (1981); highway — 27.8 million metric tons, 1,624 million metric ton/km (1981); waterway — 0.04 million metric tons, 4.7 million metric ton/km (1981) Defense Forces

GDP

$1 1.9 billion (1984 est.), about $500 per capita; average annual real growth 6-7% during 1973-77, 3-4% during 1978-80, 2.0% in 1984 (est.)

Government leaders

Jambyn BATMONH, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (since December 1984); Dumaagiyn SODNOM, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (since December 1984)

HASSAN II, King (since March 1961); Mohamed KARIMLAMRANI, Prime Minister (since November 1983)

Highways

none; city streets

46,700 km total; 700 km hard surface; 46,000 km other surfaces (1981)

Imports

machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials, sugar, tea, chemicals

$3.40 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); 29% petroleum products, 18% foodstuffs, 18% capital goods

Inland waterways

397 km of principal routes (1981)

Labor force

primarily agricultural, over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available) Government

6. 1 million (1982 est); 50% agriculture, 26% services, 15% industry, 9% other; at least 20% of urban labor unemployed

Land boundaries

8,000 km People

1,996 km Water

Language

Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese

Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much business, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education

Legal system

blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Literacy

about 80%

28%

Major sectors

mining and mineral processing (phosphates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc", and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism

Major trade partners

nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 80% with USSR); total turnover about $1.0 billion (1977)

France, FRG, Italy,

Mayor industries

processing of animal products; building materials; mining Mongolia (continued) Morocco

Member of

CEMA, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP:$1.20billion(1976est.);averageannual real growth, 1.6% (1970-77)

Af DB, Arab League, EC (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget S« rcgionil map VII Land 446,550 km2; larger than California; 51% desert, waste, or urban; about 32% arable and grazing; 17% forest and esparto grass

Military manpower

males 15-49, 438,000; 286,000 fit for military service; 20,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

8.40 French francs=US$l (4 January 1984) Communications

3.3555 tugriks=US$l (February 1984)

National holiday

People's Revolution Day, 11 July

Independence Day, 18 November

Nationality

noun — Mongolian(s); adjective— Mongolian

noun — Moroccan(s); adjective— Moroccan

NOTE

Morocco acquired administrative control in 1976 over the northern two-thirds of the former Spanish Sahara under an agreement with Mauritania, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as coadministrator of the disputed territory ended in February 1976. Morocco moved to occupy and assert administrative control over the former Mauritanian-claimed (southern) sector of Western Sahara in August 1979, thereby establishing a fourth additional province in the Sahara.

Official name

Mongolian People's Republic

Kingdom of Morocco

Organized labor

about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT)and the Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT) Government

Political subdivisions

18 provinces and 3 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar, Darhan, and Erdenet)

39 provinces (including 4 in Western Sahara) and 2 prefectures (Rabat-Sale and Casablanca, which consists of 5 divisions)

Population

1,912,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7%

24,258,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.9%

Ports

1 minor

Railroads

1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge

1,600 km (1981); all 1.524-meter broad gauge

Religion

predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime

98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish

Suffrage

universal; age 18 and over

universal over age 20

Supply

military equipment supplied by USSR

Telecommunications

served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 45,000 telephones (160.7 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 4 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France 550km Set regional m«p VIII Land 1,564,619 km2; more than twice the size of Texas; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert waste, varying in usefulness; 10% forest; less than 1% arable

Trade

full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through custom union with France

Type

Communist state

constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972)

Voting strength

progovernment parties hold absolute majority in Chamber of Representatives; with palace-oriented Popular Movement deputies, the King controls over two-thirds of the seats