2001 Edition
CIA World Factbook 2001 (Project Gutenberg)
Introduction
Administrative divisions
none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375) 15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083) 65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products
none
Airports
linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service
Area
total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background
Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. Monaco Geography
Birth rate
9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget
revenues: $518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)
Capital
Monaco
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline
4.1 km
Constitution
17 December 1962
Country name
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Currency
French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Currency code
FRF; EUR
Death rate
13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external
$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international
none
Economic aid - recipient
$NA
Economy - overview
Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Electricity - consumption
NA kWh
Electricity - imports
NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France (1999)
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues
NA
Environment - international agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates
euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year
calendar year Monaco Communications
Flag description
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red Monaco Economy
GDP
purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita
purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate
NA%
Geographic coordinates
43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note
second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban Monaco People
Government type
constitutional monarchy
Heliports
1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) Monaco Military
Highways
total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
NA%
HIV/AIDS - deaths
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate
NA%
Industries
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate
5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
NA%
International organization participation
ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet country code
.mc
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2 (2000)
Internet users
NA Monaco Transportation
Irrigated land
NA sq km
Judicial branch
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force
30,540 (January 1994)
Land boundaries
total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use
arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area)
Languages
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.98 years male: 75.04 years female: 83.12 years (2001 est.)
Literacy
definition: NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% Monaco Government
Location
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references
Europe
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine
none (2000 est.)
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of France Monaco Transnational Issues
National holiday
National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards
NA
Natural resources
none
Net migration rate
7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders
National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders
NA
Population
31,842 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line
NA%
Population growth rate
0.46% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors
Monaco
Radio broadcast stations
AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Radios
34,000 (1997)
Railways
total: 1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge
Religions
Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage
21 years of age; universal
Telephone system
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use
31,027 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular
NA
Television broadcast stations
5 (1998)
Televisions
25,000 (1997)
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate
3.1% (1998)
Waterways
none