1993 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1993 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Area
total area: 1.9 km2 land area: 1.9 km2 comparative area: about three times the size of the Mall in Washington, DC
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline
4.1 km
Environment
almost entirely urban
International disputes
none
Irrigated land
NA km2
Land boundaries
total 4.4 km, France 4.4 km
Land use
arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100%
Location
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, in southern France near the border with Italy
Map references
Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
Natural resources
none
Note
second smallest independent state in world (after Holy See)
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
People and Society
Birth rate
10.8 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate
12.32 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Ethnic divisions
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Infant mortality rate
7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Labor force
NA
Languages
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 77.5 years male: 73.7 years female: 81.49 years (1993 est.)
Literacy
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Nationality
noun: Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s) adjective: Monacan or Monegasque
Net migration rate
10.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Population
31,008 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate
0.93% (1993 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 95%
Total fertility rate
1.7 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Government
Administrative divisions
4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Capital
Monaco
Chief of State
Prince RAINIER III (since NA November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958)
Constitution
17 December 1962
Digraph
MN
Diplomatic representation in US
honorary consulates general: Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico) honorary consulates: Dallas, Honolulu, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington
Executive branch
prince, minister of state, Council of Government (cabinet)
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Head of Government
Minister of State Jacques DUPONT (since NA)
Independence
1419 (rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Judicial branch
Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)
Legal system
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral National Council (Conseil National)
Member of
ACCT, CSCE, IAEA, ICAO, IMF (observer), IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Names
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
National Council
last held on 24 January 1988 (next to be held 24 January 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total) UND 18
National holiday
National Day, 19 November
Political parties and leaders
National and Democratic Union (UND); Democratic Union Movement (MUD); Monaco Action; Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)
Suffrage
25 years of age; universal
Type
constitutional monarchy
US diplomatic representation
no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France, is accredited to Monaco
Economy
Agriculture
NA
Budget
revenues $424 million; expenditures $376 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)
Currency
1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Economic aid
NA
Electricity
10,000 kW standby capacity (1992); power imported from France
Exchange rates
French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)
Exports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
Imports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
Industrial production
growth rate NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
NA%
National product
GDP - exchange rate conversion - $475 million (1991 est.)
National product per capita
$16,000 (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate
NA%
Overview
Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan suburbs.
Unemployment rate
NEGL%
Communications
Airports
1 usable airfield with permanent-surface runways
Highways
none; city streets
Merchant marine
1 oil tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT
Ports
Monaco
Railroads
1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge
Telecommunications
served by cable into the French communications system; automatic telephone system; 38,200 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV; no communication satellite earth stations
Military and Security
Note
defense is the responsibility of France