1981 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1981 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Area
- 1.5 km2
- 1,564,619 km2; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested
Coastline
4.1 km
Land boundaries
- 3.7 km
- 8,000 km
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm
Member of
IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
- Rhaetian stock
- 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other
Labor force
primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available)
Language
French
Languages
Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese
Literacy
- almost complete
- about 80%
Nationality
- noun — Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective— Monacan or Monegasque
- noun — Mongolian(s); adjective — Mongolian
Population
- 26,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.8%
- 1,759,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%
Religion
- Roman Catholicism is official state religion
- predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime
Government
Branches
- National Council (18 members); Communal Council (15 members, headed by a mayor)
- constitution provides for a People's Great Hural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration MOROCCO
Capital
- Monaco
- Ulaanbaatar
Elections
National Council every five years; most recent Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Entente, Democratic Union Movement, Monegasque Actionist (1973)
Government leader
Prince RAINIER III
Legal system
- based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
- blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday
- 19 November
- People's Revolution Day, 11 July
Official name
- Principality of Monaco
- Mongolian People's Republic
Political subdivisions
- 4 sections
- 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan)
Suffrage
universal
Type
- constitutional monarchy
- Communist state
Voting strength
figures for 1978: National Democratic Entente, 18 seats
Economy
Electric power
8,000 kW (standby) capacity (1981); 100 million kWh supplied by France (1981)
GNP
55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10%- 15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino
Major industries
chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing
Monetary conversion rate
1 franc=US$0.2216 (1978 average)
Trade
full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties
Communications
Airfields
none
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Highways
none; city streets
Ports
1 minor
Railroads
1.6 km of 1.435 m gauge
Telecommunications
served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 28,800 telephones (115.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 4 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES France responsible for defense