2020 Edition

Background

Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

Area

land

62,680 sq km

total

65,300 sq km

water

2,620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than West Virginia

Climate

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Coastline

90 km

Elevation

highest point

Aukstojas 294 m

lowest point

Baltic Sea 0 m

mean elevation

110 m

Geographic coordinates

56 00 N, 24 00 E

Geography - note

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Irrigated land

61 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

border countries

Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km

total

1,545 km

Land use

agricultural land

45.9% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 36.8% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)

forest

35.3% (2023 est.)

other

18.8% (2023 est.)

Location

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s)

Curonian Lagoon (shared with Russia) - 1,620 sq km

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

occasional floods, droughts

Natural resources

peat, arable land, amber

Population distribution

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

Terrain

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Age structure

0-14 years

15.2% (male 205,154/female 194,386)

15-64 years

62.6% (male 808,435/female 837,908)

65 years and over

22.2% (2024 est.) (male 201,405/female 380,898)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

4.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

1.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

7.01 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15

0% (2022)

women married by age 18

0.2% (2022)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.1% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

51.8% (2024 est.)

Death rate

14.1 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

33.3 (2025 est.)

potential support ratio

3 (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio

56.5 (2025 est.)

youth dependency ratio

23.3 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 93.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 98% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 6.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

11.8% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.6 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

7.5% of GDP (2022)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

13% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

female

3.1 deaths/1,000 live births

male

4 deaths/1,000 live births

total

2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages

Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s)

Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

female

81.7 years

male

70.8 years

total population

76.1 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

female

49.2 years

male

40.9 years

total

44 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Lithuanian

noun

Lithuanian(s)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.3% (2016)

Physician density

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

female

1,481,087

male

1,334,600

total

2,815,687 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.71% (2025 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 96.7% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 99% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 3.3% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 1% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

17 years (2022 est.)

male

16 years (2022 est.)

total

17 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.53 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

female

16.7% (2025 est.)

male

38% (2025 est.)

total

26.6% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.22 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

-0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

68.7% of total population (2023)

Administrative divisions

60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology

named after the Vilnia River; the river name is said to derive from the Lithuanian word vilnis, meaning "wave"

geographic coordinates

54 41 N, 25 19 E

name

Vilnius

time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Constitution

amendment process

proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum

history

several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Lithuania

conventional short form

Lithuania

etymology

meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava, meaning "small river," or lietus, meaning "rain" or "land of rain," or the Latin word litus, meaning "shore"

former

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR)

local long form

Lietuvos Respublika

local short form

Lietuva

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024)

email address and website

consec@state.gov https://lt.usembassy.gov/

embassy

Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106

FAX

[370] (5) 266-5510

mailing address

4510 Vilnius Place, Washington DC 20521-4510

telephone

[370] (5) 266-5500

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Gediminas VARVUOLIS (since 5 September 2025)

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

email address and website

info@usa.mfa.lt https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/

FAX

[1] (202) 328-0466

telephone

[1] (202) 234-5860

Executive branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament

chief of state

President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)

election results

2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4% 2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%

election/appointment process

president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament

expected date of next election

2029

head of government

Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025)

most recent election date

26 May 2024

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red meaning: yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green for the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland

Government type

semi-presidential republic

Independence

16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years

subordinate courts

Court of Appeals; district and local courts

Legal system

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

Legislative branch

electoral system

mixed system

expected date of next election

October 2028

legislative structure

unicameral

legislature name

Parliament (Seimas)

most recent election date

10/13/2024 to 10/27/2024

number of seats

141 (all directly elected)

parties elected and seats per party

Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) (52); Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) (28); Political Party "The Dawn of Nemunas" (PPNA) (20); Union of Democrats “For Lithuania” (DSVL) (14); Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (LS) (12); Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) (8); Other (7)

percentage of women in chamber

28.4%

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

4 years

National anthem(s)

history

adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 when Lithuania was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990

lyrics/music

Vincas KUDIRKA

title

"Tautiska giesme" (The National Song)

National color(s)

yellow, green, red

National heritage

selected World Heritage Site locales

Vilnius Historic Center; Curonian Spit; Kernavė Archaeological Site; Struve Geodetic Arc; Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939

total World Heritage Sites

5 (all cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918)

National symbol(s)

mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork

Political parties

Center-Right Union or CDS Dawn of Nemunas or PPNA Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Christian Families Alliance or LLRA–KŠS Homeland Union or TS-LKD Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVŽS Liberals' Movement or LRLS National Alliance or NS Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agricultural products

wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023)

Average household expenditures

on alcohol and tobacco

5.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on food

19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$28.68 billion (2023 est.)

revenues

$28.011 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2022

-$4.322 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$878.388 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$2.101 billion (2024 est.)

Economic overview

high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs

Exchange rates

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2022

$61.448 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$61.02 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$62.896 billion (2024 est.)

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023)

Exports - partners

Latvia 11%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 6% (2023)

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

76.5% (2023 est.)

government consumption

17.3% (2023 est.)

household consumption

57.3% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-72.6% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

23.7% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

-1.8% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

2.6% (2024 est.)

industry

23.4% (2024 est.)

services

63.6% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$84.869 billion (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

36.6 (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

28.7% (2022 est.)

lowest 10%

2.5% (2022 est.)

Imports

Imports 2022

$62.916 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$57.899 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$58.491 billion (2024 est.)

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)

Imports - partners

Germany 13%, Poland 13%, Latvia 8%, USA 7%, Norway 5% (2023)

Industrial production growth rate

3.2% (2024 est.)

Industries

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

19.7% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

9.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

0.7% (2024 est.)

Labor force

1.548 million (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

20.9% (2021 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2023

36.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$132.099 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$132.552 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$136.227 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2022

2.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

0.3% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2.8% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2022

$46,700 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$46,200 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$47,200 (2024 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2022

1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$5.365 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$6.168 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$7.406 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

21.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2022

6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

6.9% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

7.6% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

11.7% (2024 est.)

male

16.3% (2024 est.)

total

14.1% (2024 est.)

Coal

consumption

166,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

exports

78,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports

149,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

consumption

10.992 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports

3.98 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports

10.91 billion kWh (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity

5.426 million kW (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

829.9 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

biomass and waste

13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

fossil fuels

16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity

4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar

14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind

51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

consumption

1.49 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports

1.867 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports

3.282 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down

2 (2025)

Petroleum

crude oil estimated reserves

12 million barrels (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption

67,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

total petroleum production

4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

28 (2023 est.)

total

806,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions

Internet country code

.lt

Internet users

percent of population

89% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

8 (2023 est.)

total subscriptions

224,000 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

139 (2024 est.)

total subscriptions

3.97 million (2024 est.)

Airports

64 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

LY

Heliports

2 (2025)

Merchant marine

by type

container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35

total

59 (2023)

Ports

key ports

Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda

large

0

medium

1

ports with oil terminals

2

small

0

total ports

2 (2024)

very small

1

Railways

total

1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified

Military - note

the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994 since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has also provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base (2025)

Military and security forces

Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Lithuanian Land Forces (LLF), Lithuanian Navy, Lithuanian Air Force (LTAF), Lithuanian Special Operations Forces (LITHSOF); National Defense Volunteer Forces (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 20,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military deployments

note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of mostly European and US armaments (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2021

2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

2.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

3.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military Expenditures 2025

4% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military service age and obligation

19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation;  18-38 for voluntary service for men and women; 18-60 for the National Defense Volunteer Services (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees

53,859 (2024 est.)

stateless persons

2,236 (2024 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from coal and metallurgical coke

380,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas

2.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

9.61 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total emissions

12.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

water pollution; air pollution; deforestation; groundwater pollution from chemicals and waste; soil degradation and erosion

International environmental agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

11.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

58.74 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

industrial

87.96 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal

136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

1.315 million tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled

34.9% (2022 est.)