1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

none; international boundary and Administrative Boundary with Sudan; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis

Budget

(1983 est.) revenues, $161.5 million; current expenditures, $164.3 million; development expenditures, $30.6 million

Climate

varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

Coastline

536 km

Comparative area

slightly smaller than Texas

Environment

unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of immense scientific and economic value; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Extended economic zone

200 nm

External debt

$225 million (1983), external debt ratio 4.5% (1983)

Fiseal year

calendar year

Land boundaries

3,368 km total

Land use

3% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures; 4% forest and woodland; 85% other; includes NEGL& irrigated

Monetary conversion rate

85.9 Rwanda francs=US$1 (November 1986)

Special notes

none

Terrain

low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west

Territorial sea

12 nm

Total area

582,650 km?; land area: 569,250 km?

Ethnic divisions

21% Kikuyu, 14% Luhya, 13% Luo, 11% Kalenjin, 11% Kamba, 6% Kisii, 6% Meru, 1% Asian, European, and Arab

Infant mortality rate

59/1,000 (1985)

Labor force

7.4 million; about 1.1 million wage earners; 50% public sector, 18% industry and commerce, 17% agriculture, 13% services

Language

English and Swahili (official); numerous indigenous languages

Life expectancy

men 53, women 58.1

Literacy

47%

Nationality

noun—Kenyan(s); adjective— Kenyan

Organized labor

about 390,000

Population

22,377,802 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 4.22%

Religion

38% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 26% indigenous beliefs, 6% Muslim

Administrative divisions

seven provinces plus Nairobi area

Branches

President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 200 seats, 188 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for system of courts of appeal

Capital

Nairobi

Communists

may be a few Communists and sympathizers

Elections

Assembly at least every five years; present National Assembly and President elected September 1983 Political party and leader: Kenya African National Union (KANU), Kenya’s sole legal political party, Daniel T. arap Moi, President

Government leader

Daniel T. arap MOI, President (since 1978)

Legal system

based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory IC) jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment in 1982 made Kenya a de jure oneparty state

Member of

AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, 1LO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, !SO, ITU, 1WC—International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Jamhuri Day, 12 December

Official name

Republic of Kenya

Other political or pressure groups

labor unions

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Type

republic within Commonwealth

Voting strength

KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly

Agriculture

main cash crops—coffee, tea, sisal, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops—corn, wheat, sugarcane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food

Budget

as percent of GDP—revenues and grants 24%; total expenditures and net lending - 28% (1985/86 est.)

Electric power

556,000 kW capacity; 1,950 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$942 million (f.0.b., 1985); reexporting of petroleum products, coffee, tea, sisal, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract

External debt

$3.7 billion; debt service ratio 36% (1985 est.)

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

GDP

$4.8 billion (1985), $230 per capita, real growth rate, 4.1% (1985 est.)

Imports

$1,289 million (f.o.b., 1985); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles

Major industries

small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourism

Major trade partners

EC, Japan, Middle East, US, Rwanda, Uganda

Monetary conversion rate

16.15 Kenyan shillings=US$1 (October 1986)

Natural resources

gold, limestone, diotomite, salt barytes, magnesite, feldspar, sapphires, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, land

Airfields

225 total, 205 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,489 m

8 total, 8 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

| major transport aircraft

Highways

64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth

5,000 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved earth, 2,700 km unimproved

Inland waterways

part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya; principal inland port is at Kisumu

Lac Kivu navigable by shallow draft barges and native craft

Pipelines

refined products, 483 km

Ports

1 major (Mombasa) Civil air; 10 major transport aircraft

Railroads

2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge

none

Telecommunications

in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; 231,000 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 11 AM, 4 FM, 4 TV stations; | Atlantic and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station

fair system with low-capacity radio-relay system centered on Kigali; 6,600 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 5 FM, and no TV stations; SYMPHONIE satellite station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station

Branches

Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, Air Force; paramilitary General Service Unit

Army, paramilitary, Gendarmerie

Military manpower

males 15-49, 4,554,000; 2,811,000 fit for military service; no conscription

males 15-49, 1,415,000; 725,000 fit for military service; no conscription