2018 Edition

Background

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1998, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After street protests toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement.

Area

land

1,811,569 sq km

total

1,904,569 sq km

water

93,000 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Coastline

54,716 km

Elevation

elevation extremes

0 m lowest point: Indian Ocean

mean elevation

367 m

note

4884 highest point: Puncak Jaya

Environment Current Issues

large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires cause heavy smog; over-exploitation of marine resources; environmental problems associated with rapid urbanization and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage

Environment International Agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Marine Life Conservation

Geographic Coordinates

5 00 S, 120 00 E

Geography Note

note

note 1: according to Indonesia's National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, the total number of islands in the archipelago is 13,466, of which 922 are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean note 2: Indonesia is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire note 3: despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon

Irrigated Land

67,220 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

border countries (3)

Malaysia 1881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km, Timor-Leste 253 km

total

2,958 km

Land Use

arable land: 13% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 12.1% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 6.1% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

31.2% (2011 est.)

forest

51.7% (2011 est.)

other

17.1% (2011 est.)

Location

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean

Map References

Southeast Asia

Maritime Claims

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

note

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural Hazards

occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest firesvolcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora; see note 2 under "Geography - note"

Natural Resources

petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver

Population Distribution

major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated

Terrain

mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains

Age Structure

0-14 years

24.63% (male 32,967,727 /female 31,757,882)

15-24 years

16.94% (male 22,661,264 /female 21,852,006)

25-54 years

42.44% (male 57,097,131 /female 54,433,239)

55-64 years

8.73% (male 10,447,365 /female 12,494,036)

65 years and over

7.26% (male 8,326,858 /female 10,749,895) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

15.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children Under The Age Of 5 Years Underweight

19.9% (2013)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

60.9% (2016/17)

Death Rate

6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

elderly dependency ratio

7.6 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio

13.2 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

49.2 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio

41.6 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

improved: urban: 94.2% of population

rural: 79.5% of population

total: 87.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 5.8% of population

rural: 20.5% of population

total: 12.6% of population (2015 est.)

Education Expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic Groups

Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)

Health Expenditures

2.8% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.4% (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids Deaths

39,000 (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

630,000 (2017 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

1.2 beds/1,000 population (2015)

Infant Mortality Rate

female

17.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male

25.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

total

21.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)

note

more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia

Life Expectancy At Birth

female

76 years (2018 est.)

male

70.6 years (2018 est.)

total population

73.2 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.)

female

93.6% (2016 est.)

male

97.2% (2016 est.)

total population

95.4% (2016 est.)

Major Infectious Diseases

degree of risk

very high (2016)

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever and malaria (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

10.517 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.159 million Bekasi, 2.903 million Surabaya, 2.538 million Bandung, 2.285 million Medan, 2.222 million Tangerang (2018)

Maternal Mortality Rate

126 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median Age

female

31.1 years (2018 est.)

male

29.9 years

total

30.5 years

Mother S Mean Age At First Birth

22.8 years (2012 est.)

note

median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nationality

adjective

Indonesian

noun

Indonesian(s)

Net Migration Rate

-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

6.9% (2016)

Physicians Density

0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Population

262,787,403 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.83% (2018 est.)

Religions

Muslim 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

improved: urban: 72.3% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 47.5% of population (2015 est.)

total: 60.8% of population (2015 est.)

unimproved: urban: 27.7% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 52.5% of population (2015 est.)

total: 39.2% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

female

13 years (2014)

male

13 years (2014)

total

13 years (2014)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

15-24 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

25-54 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

55-64 years

0.84 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over

0.77 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

total population

1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.08 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

female

13.3% (2017 est.)

male

13.5% (2017 est.)

total

13.4% (2017 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

2.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

55.3% of total population (2018)

Administrative Divisions

31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**

note

following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services

Capital

geographic coordinates

6 10 S, 106 49 E

name

Jakarta

note

Indonesia has three time zonesetymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"

time difference

UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

5 continuous years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly when at least two-thirds of its members are present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002 (2017)

history

drafted July to August 1945, effective 17 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959 (2017)

Country Name

conventional long form

Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form

Indonesia

etymology

the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands"

former

Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies

local long form

Republik Indonesia

local short form

Indonesia

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

chief of mission

Ambassador Joseph R. DONOVAN, Jr. (since 12 January 2017)

consulate(s)

Medan

consulate(s) general

Surabaya

embassy

Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110

FAX

[62] (21) 2395-1697 (2018)

mailing address

Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520

telephone

[62] (21) 5083-1000 (2018)

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery

2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Budi BOWOLEKSONO (since 21 May 2014)

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco

FAX

[1] (202) 775-5365

telephone

[1] (202) 775-5200

Executive Branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president

chief of state

President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

Joko WIDODO elected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 53.2%, PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 46.8%

elections/appointments

president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 July 2014 (next to be held in 2019)

head of government

President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014)

Flag Description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity

note

similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

Government Type

presidential republic

Independence

17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International Organization Participation

ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial Branch

highest courts

Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70

subordinate courts

High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts

Legal System

civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law

Legislative Branch

description

bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of:Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (132 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 4 each from the country's 33 electoral districts - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (560 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms)

election results

Regional Representative Council - all seats elected on a non-partisan basis House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19%, Golkar 14.8%, Gerindra 11.8%, PD 10.2%, PKB 9%, PAN 2.6%, PKS 6.8%, NasDem 6.7%, PPP 6.5%, Hanura 5.3%, other 7.3%; seats by party - PDI-P 109, Golkar 91, Gerindra 73, PD 61, PAN 48, PKB 47, PKS 40, PPP 39, NasDem 36, Hanura 16; composition - men 463, women 97, percent of women 27.6%

elections

Regional Representative Council - last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019) House of Representatives - last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019)

National Anthem

lyrics/music

Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN

name

"Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia)

note

adopted 1945

National Holiday

Independence Day, 17 August (1945)

National Symbol S

garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white

Political Parties And Leaders

Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO]Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Airlangga HARTARTO]Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo]Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR]National Democratic Party (Partai Nasional Demokrat) or Nasdem [Surya PALOH]National Mandate Party or PAN [Zulkifli HASAN]People's Conscience Party or HANURA [Oesman Sapta ODANG]Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Muhammad Sohibul IMAN]United Development Party or PPP [Muhammad ROMAHURMUZIY]

Suffrage

17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age

Agriculture Products

rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices

Budget

expenditures

159.6 billion (2017 est.)

revenues

131.7 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

6.37% (31 December 2010)

6.46% (31 December 2009)

note

this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

11.07% (31 December 2017 est.)

11.89% (31 December 2016 est.)

note

these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans

Current Account Balance

-$17.33 billion (2017 est.)

-$16.95 billion (2016 est.)

Debt External

$344.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

36.8 (2009)

39.4 (2005)

Economy Overview

Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor’s became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia’s sovereign credit rating to investment grade.Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia’s economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.

Exchange Rates

Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -

13,385 (2017 est.)

13,308.3 (2016 est.)

13,308.3 (2015 est.)

13,389.4 (2014 est.)

11,865.2 (2013 est.)

Exports

$168.9 billion (2017 est.)

$144.4 billion (2016 est.)

Exports Commodities

mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts

Exports Partners

China 13.6%, US 10.6%, Japan 10.5%, India 8.4%, Singapore 7.6%, Malaysia 5.1%, South Korea 4.8% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services

20.4% (2017 est.)

government consumption

9.1% (2017 est.)

household consumption

57.3% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-19.2% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

32.1% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories

0.3% (2017 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture

13.7% (2017 est.)

industry

41% (2017 est.)

services

45.4% (2017 est.)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$1.015 trillion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$12,400 (2017 est.)

$12,000 (2016 est.)

$11,500 (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$3.25 trillion (2017 est.)

$3.093 trillion (2016 est.)

$2.945 trillion (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

5.1% (2017 est.)

5% (2016 est.)

4.9% (2015 est.)

Gross National Saving

31.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

32% of GDP (2016 est.)

32% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%

28.2% (2010)

lowest 10%

28.2% (2010)

Imports

$150.1 billion (2017 est.)

$129.2 billion (2016 est.)

Imports Commodities

mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs

Imports Partners

China 23.2%, Singapore 10.9%, Japan 10%, Thailand 6%, Malaysia 5.6%, South Korea 5.3%, US 5.2% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

4.1% (2017 est.)

Industries

petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

3.8% (2017 est.)

3.5% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

125 million (2016 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture

32%

industry

21%

services

47% (2016 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

$523.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$426 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

$353.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Population Below Poverty Line

10.9% (2016 est.)

Public Debt

28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$130.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$102.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$92.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

$20.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$18.42 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment At Home

$251.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$229.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$422.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$397.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$102.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$92.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes And Other Revenues

13% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

5.4% (2017 est.)

5.6% (2016 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

540.7 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

302,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

498,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

801,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

3.31 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

electrification - rural areas

66% (2013)

electrification - total population

81% (2013)

electrification - urban areas

94% (2013)

population without electricity

48.7 million (2013)

Electricity Consumption

213.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

0 kWh (2017 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

6% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

693 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

61.43 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

235.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

42.32 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

29.78 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

72.09 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

2.866 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

1.601 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

79,930 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

591,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

950,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

2 (2017 est.)

total

6,044,712 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks, as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)

Internet Country Code

.id

Internet Users

percent of population

25.4% (July 2016 est.)

total

65,525,226 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic

fixed-line 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular 175 per 100 subscriptions; coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly (2017)

general assessment

domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good;Indonesia has very low fixed line and fixed broadband penetration, high mobile penetration and moderate mobile broadband penetration (2017)

international

country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2015)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

4 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

11,172,021 (2017 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

176 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

458,923,202 (2017 est.)

Airports

673 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

51 (2017)

2,438 to 3,047 m

21 (2017)

914 to 1,523 m

72 (2017)

over 3,047 m

5 (2017)

total

186 (2017)

under 914 m

37 (2017)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

4 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

23 (2013)

total

487 (2013)

under 914 m

460 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

PK (2016)

Heliports

76 (2013)

Merchant Marine

by type

bulk carrier 81, container ship 194, general cargo 2142, oil tanker 544, other 5821 (2017)

total

8,782 (2017)

National Air Transport System

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

747,473,207 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

88,685,767 (2015)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

550 (2015)

number of registered air carriers

29 (2015)

Pipelines

1064 km condensate, 150 km condensate/gas, 11702 km gas, 119 km liquid petroleum gas, 7767 km oil, 77 km oil/gas/water, 728 km refined products, 53 km unknown, 44 km water (2013)

Ports And Terminals

container port(s) (TEUs)

Tanjung Perak (3,354,968), Tanjung Priok (5,514,694) (2016)

LNG terminal(s) (export)

Bontang, Tangguh

LNG terminal(s) (import)

Arun, Lampung, West Java

major seaport(s)

Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok

Railways

narrow gauge

8,159 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2014)

note

4,816 km operational

total

8,159 km (2014)

Roadways

paved

283,102 km (2011)

total

496,607 km (2011)

unpaved

213,505 km (2011)

Waterways

21,579 km (2011)

Maritime Threats

the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; attacks declined from 49 incidents in 2016 to 43 in 2017, although Indonesian waters remained the most dangerous in the world and accounted for more than 20% of all incidents reported world-wide; in 2017, 37 commercial vessels were boarded and one hijacked; during 2017, 13 crew members were taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift

Military Branches

Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013)

Military Expenditures

0.84% of GDP (2017)

0.88% of GDP (2016)

0.89% of GDP (2015)

0.78% of GDP (2014)

0.92% of GDP (2013)

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012)

Disputes International

Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighborsthree stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countriesall borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislatureIndonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catchesland and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes SeaIndonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam IslandIndonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guineamaritime delimitation talks continue with PalauEEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary

Illicit Drugs

illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy; President WIDODO's war on drugs has led to an increase in death sentences and executions, particularly of foreign drug traffickers

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

IDPs

13,000 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; religious attacks and land conflicts in 2012 and 2013; most IDPs in Aceh, Maluku, East Nusa Tengarra) (2017)

Terrorist Groups Home Based

ISIS-associated Jemaah Anshorut Daulah (JAD)

aim(s): establish an Islamic caliphate in Indonesiaarea(s) of operation: an ISIS-aligned coalition of cells located throughout the country (April 2018)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) network in Indonesia

aim(s): replace the Indonesian Government with an Islamic state and implement ISIS's strict interpretation of shariaarea(s) of operation: maintains a covert operational presence (April 2018)

Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

aim(s): overthrow the Indonesian Government and, ultimately, establish a pan-Islamic state across Southeast Asiaarea(s) of operation: Indonesia (April 2018)