1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
1,906,240 km2; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other
Coastline
54,716 km
Land boundaries
2,736 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
under an archipelago theory, claim is 12 nm, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands (fishing 200 nm, economic zone 200 nm)
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
majority of Malay stock comprising 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26% other
Labor force
60 million; 64% agriculture, 12% trade, 7% industry, 17% other (1980 est.)
Language
Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English and Dutch leading foreign languages
Literacy
60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group
Nationality
noun—Indonesian(s); adjective—Indonesian
Organized labor
10% of labor force
Population
157,595,000, including East Timor and West Irian Jaya (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.1%
Religion
90% Muslim, 5% Christian, 3% Hindu, 2% other
Government
Branches
executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of Cabinet; Cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (DPR, or parliament), of 460 members (96 appointed, 364 elected); second and larger body (MPR, or congress) of 920 members includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoretically determines national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court
Capital
Jakarta
Communists
Communist Party (PK1) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hardcore membership has been estimated at 1.5 million
Government leader
President, Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (reelected by Congress, March 1978)
Legal system
based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, 1SCON, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 17 August
Official name
Republic of Indonesia
Political subdivisions
27 first-level administrative subdivisions or provinces, which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas
Suffrage
universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesia Democracy Party (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Sunawar Sukowati; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), John Naro Voting strength (1977 election): Golkar 232 seats, Indonesia Democracy 29, Unity Development 99
Type
republic
Economy
Agriculture
subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops—rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortages—rice, wheat
Budget
(1980-81) expenditures, $16.8 billion; receipts, $14.4 billion domestic, $2.4 billion foreign
Electric power
4,754,000 kW capacity (1980); 14.606 billion kWh produced (1980), 96 kWh per capita
Exports
$22.4 billion (f.o.b., FY80/81); petroleum and LNG ($16.7 billion; 1.2 million b/d), timber, rubber, coffee, tin, palm oil, tea, copper
Fiscal year
1 April-31 March
Fishing
catch 1.6 million tons (1978); exports $181 million (1980), imports $8 million (1977)
GNP
$67 billion (1980), about $450 per capita; real average annual growth, (1973-78) 6.8%, (1980) 9.6%
Imports
$15.6 billion (FY80/81); rice, wheat, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables
Major industries
petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer production, timber
Major trade partners
(1980) exports—49% Japan, 20% US, 11% Singapore; imports— 31% Japan, 13% US, 9% Saudi Arabia, 6% West Germany
Monetary conversion rate
642 rupiah=US$1 (December 1981)
Communications
Airfields
403 total, 392 usable; 86 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 70 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
approximately 120 major transport aircraft
Highways
93,063 km total; 26,583 km paved, 41,521 km gravel or crushed stone, 24,959 km improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways
21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Ports
15 ocean ports
Railroads
6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned
Telecommunications
interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service fair, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 392,563 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 251 AM, 1 FM, and 14 TV stations; 1 international ground satellite station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and a domestic satellite communications system
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 March 1982, $2.76 billion; about 12.4% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 38,679,000; 22,868,000 fit for military service; about 1,798,000 reach military age (18) annually