2020 Edition

Background

Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.

Area

land

89,608 sq km

total

93,028 sq km

water

3,420 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana

Climate

temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

highest point

Kekes 1,014 m

lowest point

Tisza River 78 m

mean elevation

143 m

Geographic coordinates

47 00 N, 20 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; strategic location on main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean basin; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions

Irrigated land

1,331 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

border countries

Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km

total

2,106 km

Land use

agricultural land

55.7% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)

forest

22.7% (2023 est.)

other

20.9% (2023 est.)

Location

Central Europe, northwest of Romania

Major lakes (area sq km)

fresh water lake(s)

Lake Balaton - 590 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km)

Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage

(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural resources

bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Terrain

mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

Age structure

0-14 years

14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)

15-64 years

63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)

65 years and over

21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

9.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

52.3% (2022 est.)

Death rate

14.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

33.6 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio

3 (2024 est.)

total dependency ratio

56.4 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio

22.8 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

7.8% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.78 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

7.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

female

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

male

5 deaths/1,000 live births

total

4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages

Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)

major-language sample(s)

A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak.  (Hungarian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

female

79.3 years

male

72.9 years

total population

76 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

female

46.7 years

male

42.8 years

total

45.1 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.4 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Hungarian

noun

Hungarian(s)

Net migration rate

2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.4% (2016)

Physician density

3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

female

5,043,077

male

4,812,668

total

9,855,745 (2024 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.29% (2025 est.)

Religions

Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

16 years (2023 est.)

male

15 years (2023 est.)

total

16 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.69 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

female

23.8% (2025 est.)

male

33.7% (2025 est.)

total

28.5% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

72.9% of total population (2023)

Administrative divisions

19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros) counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg capital city: Budapest

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology

Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"

geographic coordinates

47 30 N, 19 05 E

name

Budapest

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

8 years

Constitution

amendment process

proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president

history

previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012

Country name

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Hungary

etymology

the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that later became "Hungari," which originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means "Country of the Magyars," which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes

former

Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic

local long form

none

local short form

Magyarorszag

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)

email address and website

acs.budapest@state.gov https://hu.usembassy.gov/

embassy

Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest

FAX

[36] (1) 475-4248

mailing address

5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

telephone

[36] (1) 475-4400

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005

chief of mission

Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)

consulate(s)

Houston, Miami

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

email address and website

info.was@mfa.gov.hu https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng

FAX

[1] (202) 966-8135

telephone

[1] (202) 362-6730

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president

chief of state

President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)

election results

2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5 2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51

election/appointment process

president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

expected date of next election

president: spring 2029 prime minister: April or May 2027

head of government

Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)

most recent election date

president: 26 February 2024 prime minister: 3 April 2022

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green meaning: folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands history: the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag 

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)

judge selection and term of office

Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62

subordinate courts

5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts

Legal system

civil system influenced by the German model

Legislative branch

chamber name

National Assembly (Orszaggyules)

electoral system

mixed system

expected date of next election

April 2026

legislative structure

unicameral

legislature name

National Assembly (Országgyülés)

most recent election date

4/3/2022

number of seats

199 (all directly elected)

parties elected and seats per party

Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)

percentage of women in chamber

15.6%

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

4 years

National anthem(s)

history

adopted 1844

lyrics/music

Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL

title

"Himnusz" (Hymn)

National color(s)

red, white, green

National heritage

selected World Heritage Site locales

Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)

total World Heritage Sites

8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)

National holiday

Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)

National symbol(s)

Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)

Political parties

Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP Democratic Coalition or DK Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM Momentum Movement or Momentum Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA

Suffrage

18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal

Agricultural products

maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)

Average household expenditures

on alcohol and tobacco

7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on food

16.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$80.429 billion (2022 est.)

revenues

$69.793 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2022

-$14.699 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$751.071 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$5.074 billion (2024 est.)

Economic overview

high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections

Exchange rates

Currency

forints (HUF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

307.997 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

303.141 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

372.596 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

353.088 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

365.691 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2022

$158.98 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$173.034 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$166.503 billion (2024 est.)

Exports - commodities

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)

Exports - partners

Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

80.8% (2023 est.)

government consumption

19.9% (2023 est.)

household consumption

49.1% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-76.3% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

25.6% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

0.3% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

2.4% (2024 est.)

industry

23.9% (2024 est.)

services

59.7% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$222.905 billion (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

30.2 (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

24.4% (2022 est.)

lowest 10%

2.8% (2022 est.)

Imports

Imports 2022

$167.262 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$163.192 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$154.077 billion (2024 est.)

Imports - commodities

vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)

Imports - partners

Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

Industrial production growth rate

-2.5% (2024 est.)

Industries

mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

14.6% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

17.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.7% (2024 est.)

Labor force

4.954 million (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

12.1% (2021 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2022

75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$390.513 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$387.223 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$389.207 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2022

4.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

-0.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.5% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2022

$40,700 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$40,400 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$40,700 (2024 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2022

2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$41.219 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$45.719 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$46.422 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2022

3.7% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

4.2% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

4.5% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

13.1% (2024 est.)

male

14.8% (2024 est.)

total

14.1% (2024 est.)

Coal

consumption

4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)

exports

115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports

452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

production

4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves

2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

consumption

42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports

8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports

19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity

14.829 million kW (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

biomass and waste

4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

fossil fuels

28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity

0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar

19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind

1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

consumption

8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports

8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

production

1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves

3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Nuclear energy

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors

1.92GW (2025 est.)

Number of operational nuclear reactors

4 (2025)

Percent of total electricity production

48.8% (2023 est.)

Petroleum

crude oil estimated reserves

12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption

179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

total petroleum production

36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

37 (2023 est.)

total

3.56 million (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

mixed system of state-supported media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; large number of special-interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing the services; 4 state-supported radio networks; large number of local stations, including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed in 2013 (2019)

Internet country code

.hu

Internet users

percent of population

92% (2024 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

28 (2023 est.)

total subscriptions

2.693 million (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

104 (2022 est.)

total subscriptions

10.2 million (2023 est.)

Airports

109 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

HA

Heliports

15 (2025)

Merchant marine

by type

other 1

total

1 (2023)

Railways

total

7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified

Military - note

the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)

Military and security forces

Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 30,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military deployments

250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, NATO-compatible arms from such countries as Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Türkiye, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems; Hungary has also placed emphasis on building up its defense industrial capacity (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2021

1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military Expenditures 2025

2.1% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005) (2026)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees

72,359 (2024 est.)

stateless persons

101 (2024 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from coal and metallurgical coke

3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas

15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total emissions

40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

air and soil pollution; water pollution from industry and large-scale agriculture

Geoparks

global geoparks and regional networks

Bakony-Balaton; Bukk Region; Hungary; Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Slovakia) (2024)

total global geoparks and regional networks

4 (2024)

International environmental agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Antarctic-Environmental Protection

Particulate matter emissions

14.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

548.613 million cubic meters (2022)

industrial

3.758 billion cubic meters (2022)

municipal

660 million cubic meters (2022)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

3.781 million tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled

31% (2022 est.)