1983 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1983 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Agriculture
normally self-sufficient; main crops — corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes
Area
92,980 km2; 70.9% cultivated; 54.0% arable; 16% forest; 14% agricultural; 10% other
Branches
executive — Presidential Council (elected by parliament); unicameral legislature— National Assembly (elected by direct suffrage); judicial — Supreme Court (elected by parliament)
Capital
Budapest
Communists
about 820,000 party members (June 1982)
Crude steel
3.7 million metric tons produced (1982), 345 kg per capita
Elections
every five years (last election June 1980); national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers' Party (MSZMP), Sole party; Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee
Electric power
6,090,000 kW capacity (1983); 25.437 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,382 kWh per capita
Ethnic divisions
92.4% Hungarian, 3.3% Gypsy, 2.5% German, 0.7% Jewish, 1.1% other
Exports
$7.426 billion (f.o.b., 1982 US dollars); 33% fuels, raw materials, and semifinished products; 27% machinery and equipment; 25% agricultural and forestry products; 15% manufactured consumer goods
Fiscal year
same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years Communications
GNP
$65.2 billion in 1982 (at 1981 US dol- ' lars), $6,901 per capita; 1982 growth rate, 1.8%
Government leaders
Pal LOSONCZI, President, Presidential Council; Gyorgy LAZAR, Premier, Council of Ministers
Highways
29,805 km total; 24,848 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 4,255 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 702 km earth (1981)
Imports
$7.432 billion (c.i.f., 1982 US dollars); 66% fuels, raw materials, and semifinished products; 18% machinery and equipment; 9% manufactured consumer goods; 7% agricultural and forestry products
Labor force
5,002,000(1982); 43% industry and commerce. 32% services, 5% government Government
Land boundaries
2,245 km People
Language
98.2% Hungarian, 1.8% other
Legal system
based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos University Faculty of Law in Budapest and two other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Literacy
98%
Major industries
mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially Pharmaceuticals)
Major trade partners
32% USSR, 9% FRG
Member of
CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy
Monetary conversion rate
46.479 forints= US$1 (February 1984), commercial and noncommercial rates unified in late 1981
National holiday
Liberation Day, 4 April
Nationality
noun — Hungarian(s); adjective — Hungarian
Official name
Hungarian People's Republic
Political subdivisions
19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status
Population
10,681,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate —0.1%
Railroads
8,039 km total; 7,790 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 214 km narrow gauge (mostly 0.760-meter), 35 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 1,174 km double track, 1,488 km electrified; government owned (1981)
Religion
67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.6% atheist and other
Shortages
metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil
Suffrage
universal over age 18
Type
Communist state
Voting strength
(1980 election) 7,809,000 (99.3%) for Communist-approved candidates; 97% of electorate eligible to vote did so