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Grenada

2025 Edition · 316 data fields

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Introduction

Background

The indigenous Carib people inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974, making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP, ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later, US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations intervened, quickly capturing the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Rule of law was restored, and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since.

Geography

Area

Land: 344 sq km
Total: 344 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

twice the size of Washington, D.C.

Climate

tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

Coastline

121 km

Continent

North America

Elevation

Highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

Geographic coordinates

12 07 N, 61 40 W

Irrigated land

20 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

Total: 0 km

Land use

Agricultural land: 23.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 11.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 2.9% (2023 est.)
arable land: 8.82%
Forest: 52.1% (2023 est.)
Other: 24.4% (2023 est.)
permanent crops: 11.76%

Landlocked

Location

Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago

Map links

Google Maps: https://goo.gl/maps/rqWyfUAt4xhvk1Zy9
OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/550727

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November volcanism: Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) is on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km (5 mi) north of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends to the Dutch dependency of Saba in the north

Natural resources

timber, tropical fruit

Population distribution

approximately one third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast

Subregion

Caribbean

Terrain

volcanic in origin with central mountains

Time zone

UTC-04:00
number of time zones: 1

People and Society

Age structure

0-14 years: 21.9% (male 13,095/female 12,003)
15-64 years: 65.3% (male 38,129/female 36,726)
65 years and over: 12.8% (2024 est.) (male 6,944/female 7,724)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer: 3.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 4.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 8.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
adult female: 106 per 1,000
adult male: 160 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio: 19.6 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 5.1 (2024 est.)
Total dependency ratio: 53.1 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 33.5 (2024 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 5.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.4% national budget (2025 est.)

Education expenditures

5 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

African descent 82.4%, mixed 13.3%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.9 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

5 % of GDP
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

3.2 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female: 9.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births
neonatal: 12 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 8.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

English (official), French patois
languages: English
number of languages: 1

Life expectancy at birth

Female: 79.1 years
Male: 73.7 years
Total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

48 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female: 35.7 years
Male: 35.2 years
Total: 35.9 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

29 births/1,000 women 15-19

Nationality

Adjective: Grenadian
Noun: Grenadian(s)

Net migration rate

-2.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.3% (2016)

Physician density

1.38 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Population

Female: 56,453
Male: 58,168
Total: 114,621 (2024 est.)

Population growth rate

0.24% (2025 est.)

Religions

Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female: 18 years (2018 est.)
Male: 17 years (2018 est.)
Total: 18 years (2018 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
At birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.89 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 37.1% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles: 83%

Government

Administrative divisions

6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick

Capital

Etymology: originally named Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town), the name was changed to Saint George's Town in 1764, in honor of the patron saint of England, when the English took over Grenada from the French; the name was eventually shortened to Saint George's
Geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W
Name: Saint George's
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth: yes
Citizenship by descent only: yes
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years for persons from a non-Caribbean state and 4 years for a person from a Caribbean state

Coat of arms

svg: https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/gd.svg

Constitution

Amendment process: proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum
History: previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983

Country name

alternative spellings: GD
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Grenada
Etymology: origin of the name remains obscure; some sources attribute the designation to Spanish influence (most likely named for the Spanish city of Granada); in Spanish granada means "pomegranate"
FIFA code: GRN
local long form (eng): Grenada

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission: the US does not have an official embassy in Grenada; the Chargé d’Affaires to Barbados, Karin B. SULLIVAN, is accredited to Grenada
Email address and website: StgeorgesACS@state.gov https://bb.usembassy.gov/embassy/grenada/
Embassy: Lance-aux-Epines, Saint George's
FAX: [1] (473) 444-4820
Mailing address: 3180 Grenada Place, Washington DC  20521-3180
Telephone: [1] (473) 444-1173

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
Chief of mission: Ambassador Tarlie FRANCIS (since 15 September 2023)
Consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Email address and website: embassy@grenadaembassyusa.org https://grenadaembassyusa.org/
FAX: [1] (202) 265-2468
Telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561

Executive branch

Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)
Election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister
Head of government: Prime Minister Dickon MITCHELL (since 24 June 2022)

Flag

description: a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (left and right), with a wide red border around the flag; three five-pointed yellow stars are centered on the top and bottom of the red border, with one larger yellow star on a red disk at the center of the flag; a small yellow-and-red nutmeg pod is on the left triangle meaning: the seven stars stand for the country's administrative divisions, with the central star symbolizing the capital, St. George's; yellow stands for the sun and the warmth of the people, green for vegetation and agriculture, and red for harmony, unity, and courage

Flag description

The flag of Grenada features a large central rectangular area surrounded by a red border, with three five-pointed yellow stars centered on the top and bottom borders. The central rectangle is divided diagonally into four alternating triangular areas of yellow at the top and bottom and green on the hoist and fly sides, and a five-pointed yellow star on a red circle is superimposed at its center. A symbolic nutmeg pod is situated on the green hoist-side triangle.

Flag image

svg: https://flagcdn.com/gd.svg

Government type

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

7 February 1974 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, ACS, AOSIS, CARIFORUM, CARIBCAN, Caricom, CBI, CDB, CELAC, CSME, ECCU, EPA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s): regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts 
Judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
Note: note: appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
Subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals

Legal system

common law based on English model

Legislative branch

Legislative structure: bicameral
Legislature name: Parliament

Legislative branch - lower chamber

Chamber name: House of Representatives
Electoral system: plurality/majority
Expected date of next election: June 2027
Most recent election date: 6/23/2022
Number of seats: 15 (all directly elected)
Parties elected and seats per party: National Democratic Congress (NDC) (9); New National Party (NNP) (6)
Percentage of women in chamber: 31.3%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 5 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber

Chamber name: Senate
Expected date of next election: August 2027
Most recent election date: 8/31/2022
Number of seats: 13 (all appointed)
Percentage of women in chamber: 30.8%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 5 years

National coat of arms

Grenada’s coat of arms shows Grand Etang Lake, a crater lake on the volcano that formed Grenada; in the center of the shield is Christopher Columbus’s ship, the Santa Maria, which landed on the island in 1498; the gold cross dividing the shield, the two Madonna lilies, and the national motto signal the importance of religion; two lions symbolize past UK rule (1762-1974), as well as Grenada’s current status as a Commonwealth country; the corn stalk and banana plant represent agriculture; the armadillo and Grenada dove next to the shield are native to the island, and the roses in the bougainvillea flower garland represent Grenada’s seven communities

National color(s)

red, yellow, green

National holiday

Independence Day, 7 February (1974)

National symbol(s)

Grenada dove, bougainvillea flower

Political parties

National Democratic Congress or NDC New National Party or NNP

Start of week

Monday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Economy

Agricultural products

sugarcane, coconuts, eggs, vegetables, fruits, bananas, plantains, grapefruits, avocados, mangoes/guavas (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

Expenditures: $222.475 million (2017 est.)
Note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $288.404 million (2017 est.)

Currency

code: XCD
name: Eastern Caribbean dollar (XCD) [$]

Current account balance

$-270,770,770
Current account balance 2022: -$148.445 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$243.473 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: -$270.771 million (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$863.28 million
Debt - external 2023: $501.371 million (2023 est.)
Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

small OECS service-based economy; large tourism, construction, transportation, and education sectors; major spice exporter; shrinking but still high public debt; vulnerable to hurricanes; emerging blue economy incentives

Exchange rates

Currency: East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 2.7 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 2.7 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 2.7 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 2.7 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 2.7 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2022: $706.195 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $828.529 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $858.949 million (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

nutmeg/cardamons, fish, wheat flours, frozen fruits and nuts, aqueous paints (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

USA 24%, Antigua & Barbuda 13%, St. Vincent & the Grenadines 8%, Dominica 6%, Trinidad & Tobago 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows: $163.93 million

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 2.7% (2024 est.)
Industry: 14.8% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services: 65.2% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.391 billion (2024 est.)
note: note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$11,705

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018: 43.8 (2018 est.)
Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

GNI (gross national income)

$1.24 billion

GNI per capita

$10,510

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%: 33.7% (2018 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.1% (2018 est.)
Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

Imports 2022: $785.022 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $924.688 million (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $990.587 million (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, cars, poultry, ships, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

USA 37%, Trinidad & Tobago 13%, Cayman Islands 10%, China 4%, UK 3% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

2.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.09%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 2.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 2.7% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 1.1% (2024 est.)
Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Population below poverty line

25% (2018 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

Public debt 2016: 82% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.36 billion
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $1.916 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $2.005 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $2.08 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

3.96%
Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 7.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 4.7% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.7% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$20,178
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $16,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $17,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $17,700 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$48.04 million
Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022: 5.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 5.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024: 5% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$423.26 million
Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $371.767 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $404.13 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $423.263 million (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

Imports: 1 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 221.453 million kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 60,000 kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 18 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - total population: 94.2% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

Fossil fuels: 98.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectric: 0%
nuclear: 0%
renewable: 1.97%
Solar: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 41.703 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 2,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

10%

Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants: 30 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2022 est.)
Total: 35,000 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media

multiple publicly and privately owned TV and radio stations; state-owned Grenada Information Service (GIS) provides TV and radio; the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is provided by Columbus Communications Grenada (FLOW GRENADA); approximately 25 private radio stations (2019)

Internet country code

.gd

Internet users

Percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)

Telephone calling code

+1473

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2022 est.)
Total subscriptions: 17,000 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100: 96 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 81 (2021 est.)
Total subscriptions: 112,000 (2022 est.)

Transportation

Airports

2 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Driving side

Left

Merchant marine

By type: general cargo 3, other 3
Total: 6 (2023)

Ports

Key ports: St. George's
Large: 0
Medium: 0
Ports with oil terminals: 1
Small: 1
Total ports: 1 (2024)
Very small: 0

Vehicle registration code

Military and Security

Military - note

Grenada joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1985; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Guyana, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2025)

Military and security forces

no regular military forces; the Royal Grenada Police Force (under the Ministry of National Security) includes a Coast Guard and a paramilitary Special Services Unit (2025)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 383 (2024 est.)

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions

From petroleum and other liquids: 348,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Total emissions: 348,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

deforestation causing habitat and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management

International environmental agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

10.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

0 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

2 % of total

Total renewable water resources

200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

7 % of internal resources
Agricultural: 2.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal: 12 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 29,500 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 15.1% (2022 est.)