2025 Edition Primary

Edition Builder

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Countries

267

Data Records

89,153

Gaza Strip

2025 Edition · 237 data fields

View Current Profile

Introduction

Background

The Gaza Strip has been under the de facto governing authority of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) since 2007 and has faced years of conflict, poverty, and humanitarian crises. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the Gaza Strip area has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The Gaza Strip fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; Israel captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip, as well as the West Bank. In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began in response to perceived Israeli provocations, and in 2001, negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status and resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel in 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but it continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land borders, maritime territorial waters, cyberspace, telecommunications, and airspace. In 2006, HAMAS won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and HAMAS's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in 2007. Since HAMAS's takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since negotiated a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to enact them. Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip and the Israel Defense Forces periodically exchange projectiles and air strikes, respectively, threatening broader conflict. In 2021, HAMAS launched rockets into Israel, sparking an 11-day conflict that also involved other Gaza-based militant groups. Egypt, Qatar, and the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process negotiated ceasefires, averting a broader conflict. Since 2018, HAMAS has coordinated demonstrations along the Gaza-Israel security fence. HAMAS has also stood by while other militant groups, such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, fought brief conflicts with Israel, most recently in August 2022 and May 2023. On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants inside the Gaza Strip launched a combined unguided rocket and ground attack into Israel. The attack began with a barrage of more than 3,000 rockets fired toward Israel from Gaza, and included thousands of terrorists infiltrating Israel by land, sea, and air via paragliders. Militants attacked military bases, clashed with security forces mostly in southern Israel, and simultaneously infiltrated civilian communities. During the attack, terrorists carried out massacres and murdered civilians, including torture, acts of abuse and rape, a massacre at the Supernova music festival near Kibbutz Re'im, as well as kidnapping approximately 240 civilians, including men, women, children, and soldiers. These attacks were followed soon after by Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) air strikes inside Gaza. The next day, Israeli Prime Minister NETANYAHU formally declared war on Gaza. The IDF on 28 October launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza that is ongoing as of April 2024.

Geography

Area

Land: 360 sq km
Total: 360 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of Washington, D.C.

Climate

temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers

Coastline

40 km

Elevation

Highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Awdah) 105 m
Lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Geographic coordinates

31 25 N, 34 20 E

Geography - note

once a strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes

Irrigated land

(2013) 151 sq km; note - includes the West Bank

Land boundaries

Border countries: Egypt 13 km; Israel 59 km
Total: 72 km

Land use

Agricultural land: 64.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 11.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 46.1% (2023 est.)
Forest: 1.8% (2023 est.)
Other: 32.1% (2023 est.)

Location

Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

see entry for Israel

Natural hazards

droughts

Natural resources

arable land, natural gas

Population distribution

population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north

Terrain

flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain

People and Society

Age structure

0-14 years: 38.8% (male 427,450/female 404,288)
15-64 years: 58.3% (male 627,235/female 620,903)
65 years and over: 2.9% (2024 est.) (male 31,655/female 30,112)

Birth rate

26.05 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

Note: note: includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Women married by age 15: 0.7% (2020)
Women married by age 18: 13.4% (2020)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.1% (2020 est.)
note: note: estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

62.4% (2020 est.)
note: note: data includes Gaza and the West Bank

Death rate

2.77 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 19.7 (2025 est.)
Total dependency ratio: 69.6 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 64.5 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

Improved: total: total: 98.9% of population
Note: note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Unimproved: total: total: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

5.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Ethnic groups

Palestinian Arab

Gross reproduction rate

1.52 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

13.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
note: note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Hospital bed density

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 14.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Female: 77.4 years
Male: 73.7 years
Total population: 75.5 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

Female: 97% (2022 est.)
Male: 99% (2022 est.)
Note: note: estimates are for Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Total population: 98% (2022 est.)

Major urban areas - population

778,000 Gaza (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

16 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
note: note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Median age

Female: 19.8 years
Male: 19.3 years
Total: 19.9 years (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

-3.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Physician density

2.17 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Population

Female: 1,076,430
Male: 1,108,222
Total: 2,184,652 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

1.96% (2025 est.)

Religions

Muslim 98.0 - 99.0% (predominantly Sunni), Christian <1.0%, other, unaffiliated, unspecified <1.0% (2012 est.)
note: note: Israel dismantled its settlements in September 2005; Gaza has had no Jewish population since then

Sanitation facility access

Improved: rural: rural: 99% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 99.8% of population
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Note: note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Unimproved: rural: rural: 1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Male: 12 years (2023 est.)
Note: note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Total: 13 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.14 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Note: note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 77.6% of total population (2023)

Government

Country name

Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Gaza, Gaza Strip
Etymology: named for the largest city in the enclave, Gaza, whose settlement can be traced back to at least the 15th century B.C. (as "Ghazzat"); "Strip" refers to its elongated shape along the Mediterranean
Local long form: none
Local short form: Qita' Ghazzah

Economy

Agricultural products

tomatoes, milk, cucumbers/gherkins, olives, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, pumpkins/squash, grapes, goat milk (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

see entry for the West Bank

Current account balance

Current account balance 2022: -$2.037 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$2.895 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: -$2.899 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Exchange rates

see entry for the West Bank

Exports

Exports 2022: $3.533 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $3.413 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $2.885 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Exports - commodities

scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Exports - partners

Jordan 51%, Turkey 12%, UAE 8%, Saudi Arabia 5%, UK 4% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services: 21% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 20.7% (2024 est.)
Household consumption: 95.5% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -60.3% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 21.8% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: 1.7% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 5.7% (2022 est.)
Industry: 17.4% (2022 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services: 58.3% (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$13.711 billion (2024 est.)
note: note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023: 36.4 (2023 est.)
Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%: 27.1% (2023 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.5% (2023 est.)
Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Imports

Imports 2022: $12.257 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $11.637 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $8.264 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Imports - commodities

cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Imports - partners

Egypt 25%, Jordan 17%, China 8%, Germany 7%, UAE 7% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Industrial production growth rate

-32.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Industries

textiles, food processing, furniture

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 3.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 5.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 53.7% (2024 est.)
Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Labor force

1.391 million (2022 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Population below poverty line

29.2% (2016 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $29.016 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $27.694 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $20.339 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 4.1% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -4.6% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: -26.6% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Real GDP per capita 2022: $5,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $5,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $3,800 (2024 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Remittances 2022: 24% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 18.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024: 5.4% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $896.9 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.323 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $1.328 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

21.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Unemployment rate

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
Unemployment rate 2020: 25.9% (2020 est.)
Unemployment rate 2021: 26.4% (2021 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 24.5% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female: 56.6% (2022 est.)
Male: 31.6% (2022 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 36.1% (2022 est.)

Energy

Coal

Exports: 1 metric tons (2023 est.)
Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Electricity

Consumption: 6.956 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 6.925 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 352,000 kW (2023 est.)
Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Transmission/distribution losses: 988 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Electricity generation sources

Fossil fuels: 66.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Solar: 33.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 14.991 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Refined petroleum consumption: 29,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Note: note: includes the West Bank
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)
Total: 431,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

1 TV station and about 10 radio stations; satellite TV accessible

Internet country code

.ps
note: note: IANA has designated .ps for the Gaza Strip, same as the West Bank

Internet users

Note: note: includes the West Bank
Percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

Note: note: entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)
Total subscriptions: 383,653 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Note: note: entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 77 (2023 est.)
Total subscriptions: 4,148,420 (2023 est.)

Military and Security

Military and security forces

HAMAS maintains security forces inside Gaza in addition to its military wing, the 'Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades; the military wing ostensibly reports to the HAMAS Political Bureau but operates with considerable autonomy; there are several other militant groups operating in the Gaza Strip, most notably the Al-Quds Brigades of Palestinian Islamic Jihad, which are usually but not always beholden to HAMAS's authority (2025)
note: note: HAMAS is a US designated Foreign Terrorist Organization; see Terrorist Organizations under References

Military and security service personnel strengths

prior to the start of the 2023-2025 conflict with Israel, the military wing of HAMAS was estimated to have 20-30,000 fighters (2024)

Military expenditures

not available

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 2,032,011 (2024 est.)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s)

Army of Islam; Abdallah Azzam Brigades; al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade; HAMAS; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ); Palestine Liberation Front; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); PFLP-General Command
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions

From petroleum and other liquids: 3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Note: note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Total emissions: 3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

soil degradation; desertification; water pollution from chemicals and pesticides; salination of fresh water; improper sewage treatment; depletion and contamination of underground water resources

Particulate matter emissions

31.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

837 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
note: note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Total water withdrawal

Agricultural: 158 million cubic meters (2022)
Industrial: 37 million cubic meters (2022)
Municipal: 251 million cubic meters (2022)
Note: note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.387 million tons (2024 est.)
Note: note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.