1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

none; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and UK

Climate

temperate; humid and overcast; mild winters and cool summers

Coastline

3,379 km

Comparative area

about twice the size of Massachusetts

Contiguous zone

4 nm

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

air and water pollution

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Land boundaries

68 km total

Land use

61% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 6% meadows and pastures; 12% forest and woodland; 21% other; includes 9% irrigated

Special notes

controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Terrain

low and flat to gently rolling plains

Territorial sea

3 nm

Total area

Skagerrak 120 km F Skagen Seale wa ceearee e entries. Kattegat 3 . COPENHAGEN Sjacitand e Gente Gomrhislri Meén 1a Baltic Lollan Falster Sea

43,070 km?; land area: 42,370 km? (excluding Greenland and Faroe Islands)

Ethnic divisions

Scandinavian, Eskimo, . Faroese, German

Infant mortality rate

7.7/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

2,779,000 (1985); 33.2% government; 20.7% manufacturing; 13.2% commerce; 2.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 5.9% construction; 7.5% banking and business services; 7.2% transportation; 10.8% unemployment rate

Language

Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small Germanspeaking minority

Life expectancy

men 71.5, women 77.5

Literacy

99%

Nationality

noun—Dane(s); adjective— Danish

Organized labor

65% of labor force

Population

5,121,766 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.07%

Religion

97% Evangelical Lutheran, 2% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other

Administrative divisions

14 counties, 275 communes (88 towns are included in communes)

Branches

legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts

Dependent areas

Faroe Islands, Greenland

Elections

on call of prime minister but at least every four years; last election 10 January 1984 Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Liberal, Uffe Ellemann-Jensen; Conservative, Poul Schlter; Radical Liberal, Niels Helveg Petersen; Socialist People’s, Gert Petersen; Communist, Jorgen Jensen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilnjelm; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Christian People’s, Christian Christensen; Justice, Poul Gerhard Kristiansen; Trade and Industry Party, Asger J. Lindinger; Free Democratic Party, Mogens Glistrup; Socialist Workers Party, no chairman; Communist Workers’ Party (KAP), Benito Scocozza

Government leaders

MARGRETHE II, Queen (since January 1972); Poul SCHLUTER, Prime Minister (since September 1982)

Legal system

civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Member of

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ELDO (observer), EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB, Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

birthday of the Queen, 16 April

Official name

Kingdom of Denmark

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Type

constitutional monarchy Capital; Copenhagen

Voting strength

(1984 election) 31.6% Social Democratic, 23.4% Conservative, 12.1% Liberal, 11.5% Socialist People’s, 5.5% Radical Liberal, 4.6% Center Democratic, 3.6% Progress, 2.7% Christian People’s, 2.6% Left Socialist, 1.5% Justice, 0.7% Communist, 0.2% others

Agriculture

highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops—cereals, root crops; food imports— oilseed, grain, animal feedstuffs

Aid

donor—ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-84) $3.6 billion

Budget

expenditures, $32.55 billion; revenues, $32.56 billion (1986)

Crude steel

0.5 million metric tons produced (1985), 100 kg per capita

Electric power

9,973,000 kW capacity; 28,290 million kWh produced, 5,550 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$17.1 billion (f.0.b., 1985); principal items—meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equipment, fish, furs, furniture

Fiscal year

calendar year

Fishing

catch 1.67 million metric tons, exports $842 million, imports $360 million (1985)

GNP

$38.4 billion, $7,533 per capita; 56.3% private consumption, 20.0% private investment, 26.4% government consumption, investment; —3.7% net exports of goods and services; 1% increase in stocks; growth rate, 2.7% (1985)

Imports

$18.2 billion (c.if., 1985); principal items—industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper

Major industries

food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products

Major trade partners

1985 exports— 42.3% EC, 15.4% FRG, 12.2% Sweden, 12.0% UK, 10.1% US, 6.8% Norway

Monetary conversion rate

7.64 kroner=US$1 (November 1986)

Natural resources

oil, gas, fish

Airfields

182 total, 117 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,489 m

Civil air

58 major transport aircraft

Highways

66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

Inland waterways

417 km

Pipelines

crude oil, 110 km; refined products, 508 km; natural gas, 640 km

Ports

4 major, 15 secondary, 41 minor

Railroads

2,770 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,120 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 97 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated

Telecommunications

excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4.0 million telephones (78.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 46 FM, 85 TV stations; 13 submarine coaxial cables; 7 satellite earth stations for domestic service

Branches

Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force Military manpower; males 15-49, 1,351,000; 1,173,000 fit for military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1986, $1.7 billion; 7.3% of central government budget