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Chile

2025 Edition · 438 data fields

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Introduction

Background

Indigenous groups inhabited central and southern Chile for several thousand years, living in mixed pastoralist and settled communities. The Inca then ruled the north of the country for nearly a century prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. In 1541, the Spanish established the Captaincy General of Chile, which lasted until Chile declared its independence in 1810. The subsequent struggle with the Spanish became tied to other South American independence conflicts, with a decisive victory not being achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia to win its current northernmost regions. By the 1880s, the Chilean central government cemented its control over the central and southern regions inhabited by Mapuche Indigenous peoples. Between 1891 and 1973, a series of elected governments succeeded each other until the Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 in a military coup led by General Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a democratically elected president was inaugurated in 1990. Economic reforms that were maintained consistently since the 1980s contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation.

Geography

Area

Land: 743,812 sq km
Note: note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez
Total: 756,102 sq km
Water: 12,290 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

Climate

temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south

Coastline

6,435 km

Continent

South America

Elevation

Highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,893 m (highest volcano in the world)
Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Mean elevation: 1,871 m

Geographic coordinates

30 00 S, 71 00 W

Geography - note

note 1: Chile is the longest country north-to-south in the world, extending across 39 degrees of latitude note 2: Chile is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, which is a belt bordering the Pacific Ocean that contains about 75% of the world's volcanoes and up to 90% of the world's earthquakes note 3: the Atacama Desert in the north of Chile is the driest desert in the world; Ojos del Salado (6,893 m) in the Atacama Desert is the highest active volcano in the world, Chile's tallest mountain, and the second-highest in the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere; the volcano's small crater lake is the world's highest lake at 6,390 m

Irrigated land

9,094 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

Border countries: Argentina 6,691 km; Bolivia 942 km; Peru 168 km
number of neighbors: 3
Total: 7,801 km

Land use

Agricultural land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 11.8% (2023 est.)
arable land: 1.89%
Forest: 24.5% (2023 est.)
Other: 61.1% (2023 est.)
permanent crops: 0.68%

Landlocked

Location

Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru

Major lakes (area sq km)

Fresh water lake(s): Lago General Carrera (shared with Argentina) - 2,240 sq km; Lago O'Higgins (shared with Argentina) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Llanquihue - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Argentina) - 590 sq km

Map links

Google Maps: https://goo.gl/maps/XboxyNHh2fAjCPNn9
OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/167454

Map references

South America

Maritime claims

Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Continental shelf: 200/350 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis volcanism: significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Calbuco, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica; see note 2 under "Geography - note"

Natural resources

copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower

Population distribution

90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around the capital of Santiago; the far north, including the Atacama Desert, and the extreme south are relatively underpopulated

Subregion

South America

Terrain

low coastal mountains, fertile central valley, rugged Andes in east

Time zone

UTC-06:00, UTC-04:00
number of time zones: 2

People and Society

Age structure

0-14 years: 19.2% (male 1,822,908/female 1,751,528)
15-64 years: 67.3% (male 6,274,620/female 6,278,467)
65 years and over: 13.6% (2024 est.) (male 1,072,208/female 1,464,921)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer: 2.76 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 2.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 7.8 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 2.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

8.81 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

48.5% (2022 est.)

Death rate

6.79 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
adult female: 57 per 1,000
adult male: 98 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio: 20.9 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 4.8 (2025 est.)
Total dependency ratio: 45 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 24.1 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved total: 97.82%
Improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 18.4% national budget (2022 est.)

Education expenditures

5 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

White and non-Indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other Indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.61 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

11 % of GDP
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 9% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.38%

Hospital bed density

2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
neonatal: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages: Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%  (2012 est.)
Major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
number of languages: 1

Life expectancy at birth

Female: 83.3 years
Male: 77.3 years
Total population: 80.3 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

Female: 96.3% (2017 est.)
Male: 96.5% (2017 est.)
Total population: 96.4% (2017 est.)

Major urban areas - population

6.903 million SANTIAGO (capital), 1.009 million Valparaiso, 912,000 Concepcion (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

10 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female: 38.2 years
Male: 35.8 years
Total: 38.9 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

7 births/1,000 women 15-19

Nationality

Adjective: Chilean
Noun: Chilean(s)

Net migration rate

2.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

28% (2016)

Physician density

3.33 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

Female: 9,711,460
Male: 9,379,883
Total: 19,091,343 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

0.46% (2025 est.)

Religions

Catholic 57%, none 25.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.2%, other Christians and traditions related to Christ 1.3%; less than 1%: Buddhist, Catholic Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Islam, Judaism, other religions, no religion (2024)

Sanitation facility access

improved total: 95.13%
Improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female: 17 years (2023 est.)
Male: 17 years (2023 est.)
Total: 17 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

Female: 24.1% (2025 est.)
Male: 28.4% (2025 est.)
Total: 26.2% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.25 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization: 0.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 88% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles: 93%

Government

Administrative divisions

16 regions (regiones, singular - region); Antofagasta, Araucanía, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Aysén, Biobío, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Ríos, Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica), Maule, Ñuble, Región Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapacá, Valparaíso
note: note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica

Capital

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in August; ends second Sunday in May; note - Punta Arenas observes DST throughout the year
Etymology: Santiago is named after Saint James, the patron saint of Spain (Santo Iago in Spanish); Valparaiso derives from the Spanish words valle (valley) and paraíso (paradise)
Geographic coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W
Name: Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature
Time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Time zone note: Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Aysén and Magallanes regions, which do not use daylight savings time and remain at UTC-3 year-round; and Easter Island at UTC-5

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth: yes
Citizenship by descent only: yes
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Coat of arms

svg: https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/cl.svg

Constitution

Amendment process: proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment
History: many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were both defeated, and the September 1980 constitution remains in force

Country name

alternative spellings: CL, Republic of Chile, República de Chile
Conventional long form: Republic of Chile
Conventional short form: Chile
Etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; it may come from a local word meaning either "land's end" or "cold," or a local word that was confused with the Mexican Spanish word chili, meaning a chili pepper, in reference to the area's shape
FIFA code: CHI
Local long form: República de Chile
local long form (spa): República de Chile
Local short form: Chile

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Brandon JUDD (since November 2025)
Email address and website: SantiagoUSA@state.gov https://cl.usembassy.gov/
Embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago
FAX: [56] (2) 2330-3710
Mailing address: 3460 Santiago Place, Washington DC  20521-3460
Telephone: [56] (2) 2330-3000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Chief of mission: Ambassador Juan Gabriel VALDES Soublette (since 7 June 2022)
Consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Email address and website: echile.eeuu@minrel.gob.cl https://chile.gob.cl/estados-unidos/en/
FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579
Telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746

Executive branch

Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Chief of state: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022)
Election results: 2025: José Antonio KAST elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jeannette Alejandra JARA Román (PCCh) 26.8%, José Antonio KAST (PLR) 23.9%, Franco Aldo PARISI Fernández (PDG) 19.7%, Johannes KAISER (PNL) 13.9%, Evelyn Rose MATTHEI Fornet (PL) 12.5%; other 3.2%; percent of vote in second round - José Antonio KAST 58.2%, Jeannette Alejandra JARA Román 41.8%; note - KAST will take office 11 March 2026 2021: Gabriel BORIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - José Antonio KAST (FSC) 27.9%; Gabriel BORIC (AD) 25.8%; Franco PARISI (PDG) 12.8%; Sebastian SICHEL (ChP+) 12.8%; Yasna PROVOSTE (New Social Pact) 11.6%; other 9.1%; percent of vote in second round - Gabriel BORIC 55.9%; Jose Antonio KAST 44.1% 2017: Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique (independent) 36.6%; Alejandro GUILLIER (independent) 22.7%; Beatriz SANCHEZ (independent) 20.3%; Jose Antonio KAST (independent) 7.9%; Carolina GOIC (PDC) 5.9%; Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI (PRO) 5.7%; other 0.9%; percent of vote in second round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 54.6%, Alejandro GUILLIER 45.4%
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term
Expected date of next election: 18 November 2029 (a runoff, if needed, will take place in December 2029)
Head of government: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022)
Most recent election date: 16 November 2025, with a runoff held on 14 December 2025
Note: note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

Flag

description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; a blue square sits in the top left corner of the flag, the same height as the white band; the square has a five-pointed white star in the center meaning: the star represents a guide to progress and honor; blue stands for the sky, white for the Andes Mountains, and red for the blood spilled to achieve independence
note: note: design influenced by the US flag

Flag description

The flag of Chile is composed of two equal horizontal bands of white and red, with a blue square of the same height as the white band superimposed in the canton. A white five-pointed star is centered in the blue square.

Flag image

svg: https://flagcdn.com/cl.svg

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

18 September 1810 (from Spain)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members and is independent of the rest of the judiciary); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and judges (ministers) appointed by the president of the republic and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 by the Supreme Court, 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the Chamber of Deputies, and 2 by the Senate; members serve 9-year terms with partial membership replacement every 3 years (the court reviews constitutionality of legislation); Elections Qualifying Court members appointed by lottery - 1 by the former president or vice president of the Senate and 1 by the former president or vice president of the Chamber of Deputies, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Appellate Court of Valparaiso; members appointed for 4-year terms
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; oral criminal tribunals; military tribunals; local police courts; specialized tribunals and courts in matters such as family, labor, customs, taxes, and electoral affairs

Legal system

civil law system influenced by several Western European civil legal systems; Constitutional Tribunal reviews legislative acts

Legislative branch

Legislative structure: bicameral
Legislature name: National Congress (Congreso Nacional)

Legislative branch - lower chamber

Chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Expected date of next election: November 2025
Most recent election date: 11/21/2021
Number of seats: 155 (all directly elected)
Parties elected and seats per party: Chile Podemos (Empowering Chile", CP +) (53); New Social Pact (NPS) (37); Approving Dignity (AD) (37); Christian Social Front (FSC) (15); Other (13)
Percentage of women in chamber: 33.5%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber

Chamber name: Senate (Senado)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Expected date of next election: November 2025
Most recent election date: 11/21/2021
Number of seats: 50 (all directly elected)
Parties elected and seats per party: Chile Podemos (Empowering Chile", CP +) (12); New Social Pact (NPS) (8); Approving Dignity (AD) (4); Independents (2); Other (1)
Percentage of women in chamber: 32%
Scope of elections: partial renewal
Term in office: 8 years

National color(s)

red, white, blue

National heritage

Selected World Heritage Site locales: Rapa Nui National Park; Churches of Chiloe; Historic Valparaiso; Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works; Sewell Mining Town; Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System; Chinchorro archeological sites
Total World Heritage Sites: 7 (all cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day, 18 September (1810)

National symbol(s)

huemul (mountain deer), Andean condor

Political parties

Approve Dignity (Apruebo Dignidad) coalition or AD (included PC, FA, and FREVS); note - dissolved 2023 Broad Front Coalition (Frente Amplio) or FA (includes RD, CS, and Comunes) Chile We Can Do More (Chile Podemos Más) or ChP+ (coalition includes EVOPOLI, PRI, RN, UDI) Christian Democratic Party or PDC Common Sense Party or SC Commons (Comunes) Communist Party of Chile or PCCh Democratic Revolution or RD Democrats or PD Equality Party or PI Green Ecological Party or PEV (dissolved 7 February 2022) Green Popular Alliance or AVP Humanist Action Party or PAH Humanist Party or PH Independent Democratic Union or UDI Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Chile) or PL National Libertarian Party or PNL National Renewal or RN New Social Pact or NPS (includes PDC, PL, PPD, PRSD, PS) Party for Democracy or PPD Party of the People or PDG Political Evolution or EVOPOLI Popular Party or PP Progressive Homeland Party or PRO Radical Party or PR Republican Party or PLR Social Christian Party or PSC Social Convergence or CS Social Green Regionalist Federation or FREVS Socialist Party or PS Yellow Movement for Chile or AMAR

Start of week

Monday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Economy

Agricultural products

grapes, milk, apples, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, maize, sugar beets, pork (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

On alcohol and tobacco: 3.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

Expenditures: $85.024 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $77.003 billion (2023 est.)

Currency

code: CLP
name: Chilean peso (CLP) [$]

Current account balance

$-4,852,716,811
Current account balance 2022: -$26.656 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$10.497 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: -$4.853 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

export-driven economy; leading copper producer; though hit by COVID-19, fairly quick rebound from increased liquidity and rapid vaccine rollouts; decreasing poverty but still lingering inequality; public debt rising but still manageable; recent political violence has had negative economic consequences

Exchange rates

Currency: Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 792.727 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 758.955 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 873.314 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 840.067 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 943.572 (2024 est.)

Exports

$111.38 billion
Exports 2022: $107.039 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $103.256 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $111.123 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

copper ore, refined copper, fish, carbonates, pitted fruits (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

China 39%, USA 16%, Japan 7%, S. Korea 6%, Brazil 4% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows: $12.52 billion

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services: 33.7% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 15.1% (2024 est.)
Household consumption: 58.1% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -30.1% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 23.5% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: -0.3% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 3.9% (2024 est.)
Industry: 30.1% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services: 56.1% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$330.267 billion (2024 est.)
note: note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$16,710

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

44.4 (2017)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 43 (2022 est.)
Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

GNI (gross national income)

$313.27 billion

GNI per capita

$15,750

Gross domestic investment

23 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%: 34.5% (2022 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.3% (2022 est.)
Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$99.53 billion
Imports 2022: $118.928 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $100.082 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $99.239 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, garments, trucks (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

China 23%, USA 20%, Brazil 10%, Argentina 7%, Germany 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

3.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.3%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 11.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 7.6% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 4.3% (2024 est.)
Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

10.088 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total: 10.33 million persons

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 6.07%
industry: 21.5%
services: 72.43%

Population below poverty line

6.5% (2022 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

Public debt 2016: 21% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$715.11 billion
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $578.173 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $581.187 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $596.556 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

2.64%
Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 0.5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.6% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$36,181
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $29,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $29,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $30,200 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$100.14 million
Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024: 0% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$44.4 billion
Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $39.102 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $46.377 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $44.403 billion (2024 est.)

Revenue (excl grants)

23 % of GDP

Tax revenue

18 % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues

17.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

8.97%
Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 8.3% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 9.1% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female: 24.9% (2024 est.)
Male: 20.3% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 22.3% (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

Consumption: 8.087 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports: 63,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 7.589 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Production: 474,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 1.181 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 83.295 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption per capita: 4,323 kWh
Installed generating capacity: 39.238 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 4.384 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

Biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Geothermal: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectric: 26.04%
Hydroelectricity: 26.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 0%
renewable: 48.08%
Solar: 20.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Wind: 10.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

2,039 kg of oil equivalent
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 71.42 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

Consumption: 6.5 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports: 39.009 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports: 5.196 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Production: 1.362 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 97.976 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

Crude oil estimated reserves: 150 million barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 404,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Total petroleum production: 11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

24.2%

Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants: 23 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)
Total: 4.52 million (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

national and local terrestrial TV channels, coupled with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self-financed through commercial advertising and is not under direct government control; large number of privately owned TV stations; about 250 radio stations

Internet country code

.cl

Internet users

Percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)

Postal code format

#######

Telephone calling code

+56

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2024 est.)
Total subscriptions: 1.74 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100: 136 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (2024 est.)
Total subscriptions: 26.2 million (2024 est.)

Transportation

Air transport

passengers carried: 21.32 million passengers
registered carrier departures: 144,494 departures

Airports

379 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Driving side

Right

Heliports

115 (2025)

Merchant marine

By type: bulk carrier 3, container ship 5, general cargo 66, oil tanker 14, other 161
Total: 249 (2023)

Ports

Key ports: Antofagasta, Bahia de Valdivia, Bahia de Valparaiso, Coronel, Iquique, Mejillones, Puerto Montt, Puerto San Antonio, Rada de Arica, Rada Punta Arenas, Talcahuano, Tocopilla
Large: 0
Medium: 2
Ports with oil terminals: 25
Small: 10
Total ports: 39 (2024)
Very small: 27

Railways

Broad gauge: 3,428 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (1,691 km electrified)
Narrow gauge: 3,853.5 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Total: 7,281.5 km (2014)

Vehicle registration code

RCH

Military and Security

Land forces

armored vehicles
tanks

Military - note

the Chilean military's responsibilities are territorial defense, ensuring the country’s sovereignty, assisting with disaster and humanitarian relief, and providing some internal security duties such as border security or maintaining public order if required; a key focus in recent years has been assisting with securing the border area with Bolivia and Peru; it trains regularly and participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, as well as international peacekeeping operations Chile and Argentina have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of air, ground, and naval components, as well as a combined logistics support unit the Chilean Army was founded in 1810, but traces its origins back to the Army of the Kingdom of Chile, which was established by the Spanish Crown in the early 1600s; Chile's military aviation was inaugurated in 1913 with the creation of a military aviation school; the Navy traces its origins to 1817; it was first led by a British officer and the first ships were largely crewed by American, British, and Irish sailors; by the 1880s, the Chilean Navy was one of the most powerful in the Americas, and included the world’s first protected cruiser (a ship with an armored deck to protect vital machine spaces) (2025)

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of Chile (Fuerzas Armadas de Chile): Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile), Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes Marine Corps and Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate or Directemar), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh) (2025)
active duty personnel: 114,000
note: note 1: the Directemar is the country's coast guard note 2: the National Police Force (Carabineros de Chile) is responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security
percent of total labor force: 1.28 %

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 70,000 active Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 20,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 Carabineros (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the Chilean military's inventory is comprised of a mix of mostly older foreign supplied armaments and some domestically produced weapons systems; significant foreign suppliers have included Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US; Chile's defense industry is active in the production of military aircraft, ships, and vehicles (2025)

Military expenditures

2 % of GDP
current USD: $5,105,441,707
Military Expenditures 2020: 2% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
percent of central government expenditure: 5.84 %
percent of GDP: 1.58 % of GDP

Military service age and obligation

18-24 for voluntary military service for men and women (17 for men with parental permission); selective compulsory service for men 18-24 (there are usually enough volunteers to make compulsory service unnecessary); service obligation is a maximum of 24 months (2025)
note: note: as of 2024, women comprised approximately 21% of the armed forces

Military strength ranking

PowerIndex score: 0.8704

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 8,323 (2024 est.)
Refugees: 15,788 (2024 est.)
Stateless persons: 1,688 (2024 est.)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s)

Tren de Aragua (TdA)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions

From coal and metallurgical coke: 14.773 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 12.781 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 55.504 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Total emissions: 83.058 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; noise pollution; improper garbage disposal; soil degradation; widespread deforestation; pollution and ecosystem degradation from mining; wildlife conservation

Geoparks

Global geoparks and regional networks: Kutralkura (2023)
Total global geoparks and regional networks: 1

International environmental agreements

Party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

18.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

38 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

26 % of total

Total renewable water resources

923.06 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

4 % of internal resources
Agricultural: 29.42 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 1.66 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal: 1.29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 6.517 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 1% (2022 est.)