2007 Edition

Administrative divisions

28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya, Sofiya-Grad, Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol

Age structure

0-14 years: 13.9% (male 527,881/female 502,334) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 2,496,054/female 2,579,680) 65 years and over: 17.3% (male 527,027/female 752,391) (2006 est.)

Agriculture - products

vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock

Airports

217 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways

over 3,047 m

1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 1

total

132

under 914 m

96 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total

85 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11

under 914 m

72 (2006)

Area

land

110,550 sq km

total

110,910 sq km

water

360 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Tennessee

Background

The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Geography Bulgaria

Birth rate

9.65 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$12.16 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)

revenues

$13.28 billion

Bulgarian Armed Forces

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) (2006)

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

42 41 N, 23 19 E

name

Sofia

time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Climate

temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Coastline

354 km

Constitution

adopted 12 July 1991

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Bulgaria

conventional short form

Bulgaria

local long form

Republika Balgariya

local short form

Balgariya

Currency (code)

lev (BGL)

Currency code

BGN

Current account balance

$-4.13 billion (2006 est.)

Death rate

14.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Debt - external

$21.1 billion (30 June 2006 est.)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador John Ross BEYRLE

embassy

16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1407

mailing address

American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740

telephone

[359] (2) 937-5100

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Elena B. POPTODOROVA

telephone

[1] (202) 387-0174

Disputes - international

none

Distribution of family income - Gini index

29.2 (2003)

Economic aid - recipient

$475 million (2004-06 est.)

Economy - overview

Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the European Union on 1 January 2007, has experienced macroeconomic stability and strong growth since a major economic downturn in 1996 led to the fall of the then socialist government. As a result, the government became committed to economic reform and responsible fiscal planning. Minerals, including coal, copper, and zinc, play an important role in industry. In 1997, macroeconomic stability was reinforced by the imposition of a fixed exchange rate of the lev against the German D-mark - the currency is now fixed against the euro - and the negotiation of an IMF standby agreement. Low inflation and steady progress on structural reforms improved the business environment; Bulgaria has averaged 5.1% growth since 2000 and has begun to attract significant amounts of foreign direct investment. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain the largest challenges for Bulgaria.

Electricity - consumption

35.23 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity - exports

5 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity - imports

1.2 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity - production

41.96 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel

47.8%

hydro

8.1%

nuclear

44.1%

other

0% (2001)

Elevation extremes

highest point

Musala 2,925 m

lowest point

Black Sea 0 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

Environment - international agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Ethnic groups

Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census)

Exchange rates

leva per US dollar - 1.56441 (2006), 1.5741 (2005), 1.5751 (2004), 1.7327 (2003), 2.077 (2002)

Executive branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly

chief of state

President Georgi PURVANOV (since 22 January 2002); Vice President Angel MARIN (since 22 January 2002)

election results

Georgi PURVANOV reelected president; percent of vote - Georgi PURVANOV 77.3%, Volen SIDEROV 22.7%; Sergei STANISHEV elected prime minister, result of legislative vote - 168 to 67

elections

president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 22 and 29 October 2006 (next to be held in 2011); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly

head of government

Prime Minister Sergei STANISHEV (since 16 August 2005); Deputy Prime Ministers Ivaylo KALFIN, Daniel VULCHEV, and Emel ETEM (since 16 August 2005)

Exports

$14.6 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports - commodities

clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels

Exports - partners

Italy 12%, Turkey 10.5%, Germany 9.8%, Greece 9.5%, Belgium 5.9%, France 4.6% (2005)

FAX

[1] (202) 234-7973

[359] (2) 937-5320

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications Bulgaria

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; note - the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed Economy Bulgaria

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture

8.9%

industry

30.1%

services

61% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$10,400 (2006 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

5.5% (2006 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$27.85 billion (2006 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$77.13 billion (2006 est.)

Geographic coordinates

43 00 N, 25 00 E

Geography - note

strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia People Bulgaria

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Heliports

4 (2006)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

100 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

346 (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

23.9% (2003)

lowest 10%

3.4%

Illicit drugs

major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007

Imports

$20.69 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Imports - partners

Russia 15.6%, Germany 13.6%, Italy 9%, Turkey 6.1%, Greece 5%, France 4.7% (2005)

Independence

3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Industrial production growth rate

5% (2006 est.)

Industries

electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Infant mortality rate

female

15.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

male

23.52 deaths/1,000 live births

total

19.85 deaths/1,000 live births

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

7.2% (2006 est.)

International organization participation

ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Internet country code

.bg

Internet hosts

184,975 (2006)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

200 (2001)

Internet users

2.2 million (2005) Transportation Bulgaria

Investment (gross fixed)

24.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

Irrigated land

5,880 sq km (2003)

Judicial branch

Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation; Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members; responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Labor force

3.45 million (2006 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

11%

industry

32.7%

services

56.3% (3rd qtr. 2004 est.)

Land boundaries

border countries

Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km

total

1,808 km

Land use

arable land

29.94%

other

68.16% (2005)

permanent crops

1.9%

Languages

Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

Legal system

civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - CfB 31.1%, NMS2 19.9%, MRF 12.7%, ATAKA 8.2%, UDF 7.7%, DSB 6.5%, BPU 5.2%; seats by party - CfB 83, NMS2 53, MRF 33, UDF 20, ATAKA 17, DSB 17, BPU 13, independents 4

elections

last held 25 June 2005 (next to be held June 2009)

Life expectancy at birth

female

76.13 years (2006 est.)

male

68.68 years

total population

72.3 years

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

98.2% (2003 est.) Government Bulgaria

male

99.1%

total population

98.6%

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

Manpower available for military service

females age 18-49

1,660,982 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49

1,661,211

Manpower fit for military service

females age 18-49

1,365,126 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49

1,302,037

Manpower reaching military service age annually

females age 18-49

48,651 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49

51,023

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Median age

female

42.9 years (2006 est.)

male

38.7 years

total

40.8 years

Merchant marine

by type

bulk carrier 40, cargo 17, chemical tanker 4, container 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 4

foreign-owned

2 (Germany 1, Russia 1)

registered in other countries

41 (Cambodia 1, Comoros 1, Malta 13, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 17, Slovakia 7, unknown 1) (2006)

total

75 ships (1000 GRT or over) 872,653 GRT/1,294,877 DWT

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$356 million (FY02)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

2.6% (2003) Transnational Issues Bulgaria

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 9 months; as of May 2006, 67% of the Bulgarian Army comprised of professional soldiers; conscription into the Army to end as of 1 January 2008; Air and Air Defense Forces and Naval Forces will become fully professional by end of 2006 (2006)

National holiday

Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)

Nationality

adjective

Bulgarian

noun

Bulgarian(s)

Natural gas - consumption

5.301 billion cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas - imports

5.3 billion cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas - production

1 million cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.947 billion cu m (1 January 2005 est.)

Natural hazards

earthquakes, landslides

Natural resources

bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

Net migration rate

-4.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Oil - consumption

109,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports

51,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - imports

157,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - production

3,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

15 million bbl (1 January 2006)

Pipelines

gas 2,505 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2006)

Political parties and leaders

ATAKA (Attack Coalition) (coalition of parties headed by the Attack National Union); Attack National Union [Volen SIDEROV]; Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU [Anastasia MOZER]; Bulgarian People's Union or BPU (coalition of UFD, IMRO, and BANU); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated by BSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II or NMS2 [Simeon SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Petar STOYANOV]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF)

Political pressure groups and leaders

Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas

Population

7,385,367 (July 2006 est.)

Population below poverty line

4% (2003 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.86% (2006 est.)

Ports and terminals

Burgas, Varna Military Bulgaria

Public debt

23.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2001)

Radios

4.51 million (1997)

Railways

narrow gauge

245 km 0.760-m gauge (2005)

standard gauge

4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,710 km electrified)

total

4,294 km

Religions

Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$10.58 billion (2006 est.)

Roadways

paved

43,593 km (including 333 km of expressways)

total

44,033 km

unpaved

440 km (2004)

Sex ratio

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

0.93 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

under 15 years

1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Telephone system

domestic

more than two-thirds of the lines are residential; telephone service is available in most villages; a fairly modern digital cable trunk line now connects switching centers in most of the regions, the others are connected by digital microwave radio relay

general assessment

extensive but antiquated

international

country code - 359; direct dialing to 58 countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); 2 Intelsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)

Telephones - main lines in use

2,483,500 (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular

6.245 million (2005)

Television broadcast stations

39 (plus 1,242 repeaters) (2001)

Televisions

3.31 million (1997)

Terrain

mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

Total fertility rate

1.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate

9.6% (2006 est.)

Waterways

470 km (2006)