1981 Edition

Area

111,852 km1; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other

678,600 km2; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969)

Coastline

354 km

3,060 km

Fiscal year

calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June

Land boundaries

1,883 km

5,850 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

200 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Major trade partners

$20,217 million in 1980; 25% with non-Communist countries, 53% with USSR, 22% with other Communist countries

Monetary conversion rate

0.95 leva=US$l (August 1981)

NOTE

Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1980 rate of 0.85 leva=US$l

Ethnic divisions

85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other

72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 3% Indian, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 6% other

Labor force

4.0 million (1981); 23% agriculture, 35% industry, 42% other

12.2 million (1976); 67% agriculture, 9% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation

Language

Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Literacy

95% (est.)

70% (official claim)

Nationality

noun — Bulgarian(s); adjective — Bulgarian

noun — Burman(s); adjective — Burmese

Organized labor

no figure available; old labor organizations have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization

Population

8,940,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.4%

36,166,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.5%

Religion

regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, GregorianArmenian and other

85% Buddhist, 15% animist, and other

Branches

legislative, National Assembly; judiciary, Supreme Court

State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power

Capital

Sofia

Rangoon

Communists

820,000 party members (April 1981) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship

estimated between 12,000 and 14,000

Elections

theoretically held every five years for National Assembly; last elections held on 7 June 1981; 99.96% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary of Permanent Board

People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1978 Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party; U Ne Win, party chairman

Government leader

Chairman of State Council and President Gen. U SAN YU

Government leaders

Todor ZHIVKOV, Chairman, State Council (President and Chief of State); Georgi Stanchev FILIPOV, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier)

Legal system

based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization

ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

National holiday

National Liberation Day, 9 September

Independence Day, 4 January BURMA (Continued)

Official name

People's Republic of Bulgaria

Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

Other political or pressure groups

Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions

Political subdivisions

28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia

seven divisions and seven constituent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age 18

universal over age 18

Type

Communist state

republic under 1974 constitution

Agriculture

mainly self-sufficient; main crops — grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,461 calories per day per capita (1972/74)

accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops — paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land

Budget

(1979/80) $3.4 billion est. revenues, $4.0 billion expenditures, $600 million deficit

Crude steel

2.6 million metric tons produced (1980), 293 kg per capita

Electric power

9,333,000 kW capacity (1981); 32,700 million kWh produced (1981), 3,665 kWh per capita

719,000 kW capacity (1980); 1.438 billion kWh produced (1980), 42 kWh per capita

Exports

$10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 45% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 21% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 23% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 9% industrial consumer goods (1980)

$480 million (1980/81); rice, teak

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March

Fishing

catch 89,000 metric tons (1979)

catch 518,700 metric tons (1977)

GDP

$5.0 billion (1979/80, in current prices), $170 per capita; real growth rate 5.9% (1979/80)

GNP

$39.8 billion, 1980 (1980 dollars), $4,489 per capita; 1980 real growth rate, —0.2%

Imports

$9.7 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 35% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 50% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 5% agricultural raw materials; 5% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods (1979)

$650 million (c.i.f, 1979); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufactured goods

Major industries

agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber

agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining

Major trade partners

exports — Singapore, Western Europe, China, UK, Japan; imports — Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, UK

Monetary conversion rate

7.0 kyat=US$l (1981)

Shortages

some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products, fodder

Airfields

81 total, 80 usable; 21 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 40 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

about 20 major transport aircraft

Freight carried

rail — 77.6 million metric tons, 17.6 billion metric ton/km (1979); highway — 836 million metric tons, 15.6 billion metric ton/km (1979); waterway— 4.9 million metric tons, 2.6 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic; 1979)

Highways

32,236 km total; 2,360 km trunk roads, 4,291 km class I concrete, asphalt, stone block; 6,062 km class II asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,523 km class III earth (1979)

27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways

471 km (1979)

12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, est. 900 million leva; 5.9% of total budget CSee reference maps VIII and IX)

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,173,000; 1,818,000 fit for military service; 63,000 reach military age (19) annually

eligible 15-49, 16,523,000; of the 8,203,000 males 15-49, 4,535,000 are fit for military service; about 374,000 males and 365,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service

Ports

3 major (Varna, Varna West, Burgas), 6 minor (1981); principal river ports are Ruse and Lorn (1981) DEFENSE FORCES

4 major, 6 minor

Railroads

4,341 km total; about 4,096 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gauge; 437 km double track; 1,449 km electrified; government owned (1979)

3,243 km total; 3,130 km meter gauge (1.00 m), 1 13 km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 328 km double track; government owned

Telecommunications

provide minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 33,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES