2016 Edition

Background

Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the EU in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.

Area

83,871 sq km 82,445 sq km 1,426 sq km

land

82,445 sq km

total

83,871 sq km

water

1,426 sq km

Area - comparative

about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania

Climate

temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

910 m lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m

highest point

Grossglockner 3,798 m

mean elevation

910 m

Environment - current issues

some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling none of the selected agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

47 20 N, 13 20 E

Geography - note

landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

Irrigated land

1,170 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

2,524 km Czech Republic 402 km, Germany 801 km, Hungary 321 km, Italy 404 km, Liechtenstein 34 km, Slovakia 105 km, Slovenia 299 km, Switzerland 158 km

border countries (8)

Czech Republic 402 km, Germany 801 km, Hungary 321 km, Italy 404 km, Liechtenstein 34 km, Slovakia 105 km, Slovenia 299 km, Switzerland 158 km

total

2,524 km

Land use

38.4% arable land 16.5%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 21.1% 47.2% 14.4% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

38.4%

forest

47.2%

other

14.4% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

Natural resources

oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

Population - distribution

the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas

Terrain

mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; mostly flat or gently sloping along the eastern and northern margins

Age structure

14.02% (male 625,391/female 596,310) 11.33% (male 503,333/female 483,748) 42.71% (male 1,859,985/female 1,860,641) 12.85% (male 554,191/female 565,189) 19.09% (male 719,012/female 943,970) (2016 est.)

0-14 years

14.02% (male 625,391/female 596,310)

15-24 years

11.33% (male 503,333/female 483,748)

25-54 years

42.71% (male 1,859,985/female 1,860,641)

55-64 years

12.85% (male 554,191/female 565,189)

65 years and over

19.09% (male 719,012/female 943,970) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

9.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

69.6% percent of women aged 18-46 (2008/09)

note

percent of women aged 18-46 (2008/09)

Death rate

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios

49.2% 21.2% 28% 3.6% (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

28%

potential support ratio

3.6% (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

49.2%

youth dependency ratio

21.2%

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

5.6% of GDP (2013)

Ethnic groups

Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, Germans 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)

Health expenditures

11.2% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Hospital bed density

7.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

3.4 deaths/1,000 live births 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

female

3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

male

3.8 deaths/1,000 live births

total

3.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in South Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

81.5 years 78.9 years 84.3 years (2016 est.)

female

84.3 years (2016 est.)

male

78.9 years

total population

81.5 years

Major urban areas - population

VIENNA (capital) 1.753 million (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

4 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

43.8 years 42.7 years 44.9 years (2016 est.)

female

44.9 years (2016 est.)

male

42.7 years

total

43.8 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.5 (2011 est.)

Nationality

Austrian(s) Austrian

adjective

Austrian

noun

Austrian(s)

Net migration rate

5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.1% (2014)

Physicians density

4.83 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population

8,711,770 (July 2016 est.)

Population distribution

the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas

Population growth rate

0.51% (2016 est.)

Religions

Catholic 73.8% (includes Roman Catholic 73.6%, other Catholic 0.2%), Protestant 4.9%, Muslim 4.2%, Orthodox 2.2%, other 0.8% (includes other Christian), none 12%, unspecified 2% (2001 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

16 years 16 years 16 years (2014)

female

16 years (2014)

male

16 years

total

16 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 0.98 male(s)/female 0.76 male(s)/female 0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.76 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.47 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

10.3% 10.6% 9.9% (2014 est.)

female

9.9% (2014 est.)

male

10.6%

total

10.3%

Urbanization

66% of total population (2015) 0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

66% of total population (2015)

Administrative divisions

9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)

Capital

Vienna 48 12 N, 16 22 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

48 12 N, 16 22 E

name

Vienna

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria no 10 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)

Country name

Republic of Austria Austria Republik Oesterreich Oesterreich the name Oesterreich means "eastern realm" or "eastern march" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name

conventional long form

Republic of Austria

conventional short form

Austria

etymology

the name Oesterreich means "eastern realm" or "eastern march" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name

local long form

Republik Oesterreich

local short form

Oesterreich

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Alexa Lange WESNER (since 22 October 2013) Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna use embassy street address [43] (1) 31339-0 [43] (1) 3100682

chief of mission

Ambassador Alexa Lange WESNER (since 22 October 2013)

embassy

Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna

FAX

[43] (1) 3100682

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[43] (1) 31339-0

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016) 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035 [1] (202) 895-6700 [1] (202) 895-6750 Los Angeles, New York Chicago

chancery

3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035

chief of mission

Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016)

consulate(s)

Chicago

consulate(s) general

Los Angeles, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 895-6750

telephone

[1] (202) 895-6700

Executive branch

Acting Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016) Chancellor Christian KERN (SPOe) (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Reinhold MITTERLEHNER (OeVP) (since 1 September 2014) Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round) and 22 May 2016 (second round), the latter was ruled invalid and a re-vote will be held 4 December 2016; next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander van der BELLIEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander van der BELLIEN 50.3%, Norbet HOFER 49.7%; on 1 July 2016, the Constitutional Court ordered a rerun of the 22 May 2016 runoff election to be held 2 October 2016; former President Heinz FISCHER's term ended July 8; his functions were replaced by the three Presidents of the National Council Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), and Norbert HOFER (FPOe)

cabinet

Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

chief of state

Acting Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016)

election results

percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander van der BELLIEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander van der BELLIEN 50.3%, Norbet HOFER 49.7%; on 1 July 2016, the Constitutional Court ordered a rerun of the 22 May 2016 runoff election to be held 2 October 2016; former President Heinz FISCHER's term ended July 8; his functions were replaced by the three Presidents of the National Council Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), and Norbert HOFER (FPOe)

elections/appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round) and 22 May 2016 (second round), the latter was ruled invalid and a re-vote will be held 4 December 2016; next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor

head of government

Chancellor Christian KERN (SPOe) (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Reinhold MITTERLEHNER (OeVP) (since 1 September 2014)

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner

Government type

federal parliamentary republic

Independence

12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)

12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates

976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case) Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president

subordinate courts

Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts

Legal system

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court

Legislative branch

bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held by September 2018) National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9; note - currently: SPOe 52, OeVP 50, FPOe 38, Greens 24, NEOS 9, Team Stronach 6, without faction 4

description

bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9; note - currently: SPOe 52, OeVP 50, FPOe 38, Greens 24, NEOS 9, Team Stronach 6, without faction 4

elections

National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held by September 2018)

National anthem

"Bundeshymne" (Federal Hymn) Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed) adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

lyrics/music

Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)

name

"Bundeshymne" (Federal Hymn)

note

adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

National holiday

National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality

National symbol(s)

golden eagle, edelweiss, Alpine gentian; national colors: red, white

golden eagle, edelweiss, Alpine gentian; national colors

red, white

Political parties and leaders

Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE] The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN] "Team Stronach" [Frank STRONACH]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated) Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated) Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights

other

three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights

Suffrage

16 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber and other forestry products

Budget

$189.1 billion $193.1 billion (2015 est.)

expenditures

$193.1 billion (2015 est.)

revenues

$189.1 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

2% (31 December 2015 est.) 2.15% (31 December 2014 est.)

Current account balance

$13.46 billion (2015 est.) $8.437 billion (2014 est.)

Debt - external

$675 billion (30 September 2015 est.) $740.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

29.2 (2013) 26.3 (2007)

Economy - overview

Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Economic growth has been relatively weak in recent years, approaching 0.9% in 2015. Austria's 5.8% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at its highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher. Although Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as unexpectedly weak world economic growth threatening the export market, Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine. Early signs point towards a slight improvement in 2016, driven by low interest rates on government debt. Currently, the budget deficit stands at 2.7% of GDP and public debt has reached a post-war high of 84.2% of the GDP.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.7525 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.78 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.)

Exports

$142.9 billion (2015 est.) $166 billion (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs

Exports - partners

Germany 29.4%, US 6.4%, Italy 6.1%, Switzerland 5.7%, France 4.4%, Slovakia 4.2% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

52.6% 19.9% 22.6% 0.4% 53% -48.6% (2015 est.)

exports of goods and services

53%

government consumption

19.9%

household consumption

52.6%

imports of goods and services

-48.6% (2015 est.)

investment in fixed capital

22.6%

investment in inventories

0.4%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

1.3% 28.3% 70.4% (2015 est.)

agriculture

1.3%

industry

28.3%

services

70.4% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$47,300 (2015 est.) $47,100 (2014 est.) $47,300 (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

0.9% (2015 est.) 0.4% (2014 est.) 0.3% (2013 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$374.1 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$404.3 billion (2015 est.) $400.8 billion (2014 est.) $399.4 billion (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

Gross national saving

25.4% of GDP (2015 est.) 25% of GDP (2014 est.) 25.9% of GDP (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2.8% 23.5% (2012 est.)

highest 10%

23.5% (2012 est.)

lowest 10%

2.8%

Imports

$140 billion (2015 est.) $164 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Germany 41.5%, Italy 6.3%, Switzerland 6%, Czech Republic 4.2% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

0.8% (2015 est.)

Industries

construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.8% (2015 est.) 1.5% (2014 est.)

Labor force

3.889 million (2015 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

0.7% 25.3% 74% (2015 est.)

agriculture

0.7%

industry

25.3%

services

74% (2015 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$106 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $82.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $67.68 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Population below poverty line

4% (2014 est.)

Public debt

86.2% of GDP (2015 est.) 84.3% of GDP (2014 est.) this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices

note

this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$22.24 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of broad money

$428.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $439.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$349.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $367.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$294.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $321 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$462.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $507.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $191.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

note

see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

50.5% of GDP (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

5.7% (2015 est.) 5.6% (2014 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

76.2 million Mt (2014 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports

165,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production

16,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

47.5 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)

Electricity - consumption

69.75 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - exports

19.31 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

32.8% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

56% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.1% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)

Electricity - imports

29.37 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

24.22 million kW (2014 est.)

Electricity - production

59 billion kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity access

100% (2016)

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

7.845 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - exports

2.529 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - imports

10.12 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - production

1.321 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

7.9 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

264,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

50,640 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

117,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

200,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadcast media

worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2016)

Internet country code

.at

Internet users

7.273 million 83.9% (July 2015 est.)

percent of population

83.9% (July 2015 est.)

total

7.273 million

Telephone system

highly developed and efficient fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in major cities country code - 43; earth stations available in the Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)

domestic

fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in major cities

general assessment

highly developed and efficient

international

country code - 43; earth stations available in the Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

3,609,900 42 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

42 (July 2015 est.)

total subscriptions

3,609,900

Telephones - mobile cellular

13.471 million 155 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

155 (July 2015 est.)

total

13.471 million

Airports

52 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

13 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

2,438 to 3,047 m

5

914 to 1,523 m

4

over 3,047 m

1

total

24

under 914 m

13 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

24 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

3

total

28

under 914 m

24 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OE (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)

registered in other countries

3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)

National air transport system

14,718,641 351.379 million mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

351.379 million mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

14,718,641

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

130

number of registered air carriers

11

Pipelines

gas 4,736 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)

river port(s)

Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)

Railways

5,267.7 km 5,267.7 km 1.435-m gauge (3,556.4 km electrified) (2014)

standard gauge

5,267.7 km 1.435-m gauge (3,556.4 km electrified) (2014)

total

5,267.7 km

Roadways

133,597 km 133,597 km (includes 2,207 km of expressways) (2016)

paved

133,597 km (includes 2,207 km of expressways) (2016)

total

133,597 km

Waterways

358 km (2011)

Military branches

Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)

Military expenditures

0.55% of GDP (2015 est.) 0.62% of GDP (2014) 0.63% of GDP (2013) 0.68% of GDP (2012) 0.7% of GDP (2011)

Military service age and obligation

registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs

Refugees and internally displaced persons

17,458 (Afghanistan); 15,526 (Russia); 14,894 (Syria) (2015) 828 (2015)

refugees (country of origin)

17,458 (Afghanistan); 15,526 (Russia); 14,894 (Syria) (2015)

stateless persons

828 (2015)