1984 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus fruits, dates, vegetables, sheep, cattle, industrial crops

generally underdeveloped; main crops — grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods — sugar, grain, meat, fish, oilseed

Aid

economic authorizations — US, including Ex-Im, $1.5 billion (FY70-82); other Western countries (ODA and OOF), $396 million (1977-79); military authorizations — US, $256 million (FY70-82)

Airfields

177 total, 165 usable; 56 with permanent-surface runways; 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 80 with runways 1,2202,439 m Defense Forces

Area

Metropolitan Portugal, 94,276 km2, including the Azores and Madeira Islands; 48% arable; 31% forest; 6% meadow and pasture 5% waste, urban, inland water, or other Land boundaries. 1,207 km Water

Branches

executive; unicameral legislature (National People's Assembly); judiciary

Armed Forces, Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie

executive with President and Prime Minister; unicameral legislature (popularly elected Assembly of the Republic); independent judiciary

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

$16 billion revenue, $16 billion expenditure (1982)

(1982) expenditures, $9.5 billion; revenues, $7.1 billion; deficit, $2.4 billion

Capital

Algiers

Lisbon

Civil air

30 major transport aircraft

34 major transport aircraft Airfields (including Azores and Madeira Islands): 69 total, 68 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 11 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

CNP

$23.4 billion (1982); 15% government consumption, 68% private consumption; 31 % fixed capital formation; 6% change in stocks; —20% net exports; real growth rate 3.5% (1982)

Coastline

860 km; excludes Azores (708 km) and Madeira (225 km) People

Communists

400 (est); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962)

Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 164,713 (April 1979)

Crude steel

550,000 metric tons produced (1981)

894,252 tons produced (1981), 89 kg per capita

Elections

national elections for Assembly of the Republic normally to be held every four years; Assembly elections held April 1983; national election for President to be held every five years, second constitutional president elected in December 1980; local elections to be held every three years, last elections in December 1982 Political parties and leaders: Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Mario Scares; Social Democratic Party (PSD), formerly the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Francisco Lucas Pires; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro Cunhal

Elections (latest)

presidential 12 January 1984; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative 5 March 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN), Secretary General Chadli Bendjedid

Electric power

3,040,000 kW capacity (1983); 10.786 billion kWh produced (1983), 521 kWh per capita

4,990,000 kW capacity (1983); 14.1 billion kWh produced (1983), 1, 4 10 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Exports

$12.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); major items — petroleum and gas 98.0%; France 29.0%, US 22.9%

$4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); principal items — cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, and appliances

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 34,100 metric tons (1978)

landed 315,277 metric tons (1982) Portugal (continued) Qatar

GDP

$42.9 billion (1982 est.), $2,142 per capita; 3.1% real growth in 1982

Government leader

Col. Chadli BENDJEDID, President

Government leaders

Gen. Antonio dos Santos Ramalho EANES, President; Mario SCARES, Prime Minister

Highways

78,410 km total; 45,070 km concrete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth

57,499 km total; 49,537 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; plus an additional 4,100 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks)

Imports

$12.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); major items — capital goods 35.0%, semifinished goods 25.0%, foodstuffs 18.0%; France 23.9%, US 12.0%

$9.5 billion (c.i.f., 1982); principal items — petroleum, cotton, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals

Inland waterways

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 297 metric ton cargo capacity

Labor force

4.3 million (1981); 27% services, 27% services, 27% industry, 7% agriculture; unemployment, 7.5% (December 1982)

Language

Portuguese

Legal system

based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into four chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

civil law system; constitution adopted April 1976 and revised October 1982; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; legal education at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone

Literacy

80%

Major industries

petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, automotive plants (under construction), and food processing

textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine

Major trade partners

US, FRG, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada

57% EC, 6% US, 20% other developed countries, 2% Communist countries, 13% less developed countries

Member of

AfDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $1.449 billion; 7.1% of central government budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $515 million; about 8.4% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 4,556,000; 2,816,000 fit for military service; 232,000 reach military age (19) annually

males 15-49, 2,403,000; 1,967,000 fit for military service; 90,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

5.041 Algerian dinars=US$l (February 1984)

138.30 escudos=US$l (January 1984)

National holiday

Revolution Day, 1 November

25 April

Nationality

noun — Portuguese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Portuguese

Official name

Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria

Portuguese Republic

Organized labor

16-19% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front Government

about 45% of Portuguese labor is organized; the Communistdominated General Confederation of Portuguese Workers — National Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents about half of the unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union (UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents a little less than half of unionized labor Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 6,612 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km

crude oil, 1 1 km

Political subdivisions

31 wilayas (departments or provinces); 160 dairat (administrative districts); 691 communes

18 districts in mainland Portugal; Portugal's two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira Islands, have 4 districts (3 of them in the Azores); Macao, Portugal's remaining overseas territory, was granted broad executive and legislative autonomy in February 1976; Portugal has not officially recognized the unilateral annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia

Population

10,045,000 (July 1984), including the Azores and Madeira Islands; average annual growth rate 0.4%

Ports

4 secondary, 8 minor

7 major, 34 minor

Railroads

3,908 km total; 2,659 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,129 km 1.055-meter gauge, 120 km 1.000-meter gauge; 302 km electrified; 193 km double track

3,602 km total: state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,830 km 1.665-meter gauge (432 km electrified and 426 km double track), 760 km meter gauge (1.000m); 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double, nongovernment owned

Religion

97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other

Suffrage

universal over age 19

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

facilities are generally adequate; 1.37 million telephones (13.8 per 1 00 popl.); 47 AM, 55 FM, and 66 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas (on mainland and Azores) Defense Forces

Type

republic

republic, first government under new constitution formed July 1976

Voting strength

(1983 parliamentary election) Socialists, 36.3%; Social Democrats. 27.0%; Center Democrats, 12.4%; Communists (in a front coalition called the United Peoples Alliance [APU]), 18.2%; (1982 local elections) Democratic Alliance (AD), which consist primarily of the PSD and the CDS, 41%; PS, 32.0%; APU, 21.5%