Niger

<p>Nomadic peoples from the Saharan north and agriculturalists from the south settled present-day Niger. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north and played a prominent role in regional trade in the 14th century. In the south, the primary ethnic groups were the Songhai-Zarma in the west, the Hausa in the center, and the Kanuri in the east. When European colonizers arrived in the 19th century, the region was an assemblage of disparate local kingdoms.</p> <p>In the late 19th century, the British and French agreed to partition the middle regions of the Niger River, and France began its conquest of what would become the colony of Niger.  France experienced determined local resistance -- particularly during the Tuareg uprising (1916-1917) -- but established a colonial administration in 1922.</p> <p>After achieving independence from France in 1960, Niger experienced single-party or military rule until 1991, when political pressure forced General Ali SAIBOU to allow multiparty elections. Political infighting and democratic backsliding led to coups in 1996 and 1999. In 1999, military officers restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed TANDJA. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou was elected in 2011 and reelected in 2016. In 2021, BAZOUM Mohamed won the presidential election, marking Niger’s first transition from one democratically elected president to another. Nonetheless, a military junta led by General Abdourahamane TIANI once again seized power in July 2023, detaining President BAZOUM and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP).<br><br>Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. It is ranked fourth to last in the world on the UN Development Program's Human Development Index of 2023/2024. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Government continues its attempts to diversify the economy through increased oil production and mining projects. In addition, Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict and terrorism in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.</p>

Land

1,266,700 sq km

Total

1.267 million sq km

Water

300 sq km

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

0 km (landlocked)

Africa

Highest point

Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m

Lowest point

Niger River 200 m

Mean elevation

474 m

16 00 N, 8 00 E

landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna that is suitable for livestock and limited agriculture

2,881 sq km (2022)

Border countries

Algeria 951 km; Benin 277 km; Burkina Faso 622 km; Chad 1,196 km; Libya 342 km; Mali 838 km; Nigeria 1,608 km

number of neighbors

7

Total

5,834 km

Agricultural land

36.8% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 14% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 22.7% (2023 est.)

arable land

13.97%

Forest

0.8% (2023 est.)

Other

62.4% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

0.09%

Yes

Western Africa, southeast of Algeria

Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Basin, Murzuk-Djado Basin

Fresh water lake(s)

Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Chad, Nigeria, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq km<br>note - area varies by season and year to year

Niger (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km<br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage

Niger (2,261,741 sq km)

Internal (endorheic basin) drainage

Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/VKNU2TLsZcgxM49c8

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/192786

Africa

none (landlocked)

recurring droughts

uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum

majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin, as shown in this population distribution map

Western Africa

predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north

UTC+01:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

49.5% (male 6,567,460/female 6,463,877)

15-64 years

47.8% (male 6,146,355/female 6,451,574)

65 years and over

2.7% (2024 est.) (male 342,388/female 371,130)

Beer

0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

46.29 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

47.7%

34.6% (2022 est.)

81.3% (2021 est.)

9.24 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

186 per 1,000

adult male

224 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

5.7 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

17.7 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

108.2 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

102.6 (2025 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 40.9% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 48.9% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 88.3% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 59.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 51.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 11.7% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

12.8% national budget (2023 est.)

4 % of GDP

Hausa 53.1%, Zarma/Songhai 21.2%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.5%, Kanuri 5.9%, Gurma 0.8%, Arab 0.4%, Tubu 0.4%, other/unavailable 0.9% (2006 est.)

3.23 (2025 est.)

4 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

5.8% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.1%

0.3 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Female

59.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

69.2 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

34 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

63 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal

languages

French

note

<strong>note:</strong> represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu

number of languages

1

Female

62.5 years

Male

59.3 years

Total population

60.9 years (2024 est.)

Female

25.7% (2022 est.)

Male

47.9% (2022 est.)

Total population

35.6% (2022 est.)

1.437 million NIAMEY (capital) (2023)

350 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

15.6 years

Male

14.9 years

Total

15.3 years (2025 est.)

18.5 years (2012 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Adjective

Nigerien

Noun

Nigerien(s)

-0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5.5% (2016)

0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Female

13,779,926

Male

13,542,629

Total

27,322,555 (2025 est.)

3.65% (2025 est.)

Muslim 95.5%, ethnic religionist 4.1%, Christian 0.3%, agnostics and other 0.1% (2020 est.)

improved total

9.15%

Improved: rural

rural: 15.2% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 26.4% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 81.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 84.8% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 73.6% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 18.1% of population (2022 est.)

Female

6 years (2017 est.)

Male

7 years (2017 est.)

Total

6 years (2017 est.)

0-14 years

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.92 male(s)/female

At birth

1.03 male(s)/female

Total population

0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

1.2% (2025 est.)

Male

13.7% (2025 est.)

Total

7.5% (2025 est.)

6.55 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

17.1% of total population (2023)

measles

81%

7 regions (<em>régions</em>, singular - <em>région</em>) and 1 capital district* (<em>communauté urbaine</em>); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder

Etymology

the origin of the name is unclear; one of many stories says that an African chief told his seven slaves "<em>Wa niammane</em>," meaning "stay here," and the name was later shortened to its present form

Geographic coordinates

13 31 N, 2 07 E

Name

Niamey

Time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Niger

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

unknown

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/ne.svg

Amendment process

formerly proposed by the president of the republic or the National Assembly; consideration of amendments requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires at least four-fifths majority vote; if disapproved, the proposed amendment is dropped or submitted to a referendum; constitutional articles on the form of government, the multiparty system, the separation of state and religion, disqualification of Assembly members, amendment procedures, and amnesty of participants in the 2010 coup cannot be amended

History

several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010

Note

<strong>note: </strong>on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the country's constitution

alternative spellings

NE, Nijar

Conventional long form

Republic of Niger

Conventional short form

Niger

Etymology

named for the Niger River that passes through the southwest of the country; the name of the river probably comes from the local Tuareg name, <em>egereou n-igereouen </em>(big rivers)

FIFA code

NIG

Local long form

R&eacute;publique du Niger

local long form (fra)

République du Niger

Local short form

Niger

Note

<strong>note:</strong> pronounced nee-ZHAIR

Chief of mission

Ambassador Kathleen FITZGIBBON (since 2 December 2023)

Email address and website

<br>consulateniamey@state.gov<br><br>https://ne.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

BP 11201, Niamey

FAX

[227] 20-73-55-60

Mailing address

2420 Niamey Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-2420

Telephone

[227] 20-72-26-61

Chancery

2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Hassane IDI (since 3 August 2023)

Email address and website

<br>communication@embassyofniger.org<br><br>http://www.embassyofniger.org/

FAX

[1] (202) 483-3169

Telephone

[1] (202) 483-4224

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the CNSP

Chief of state

President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (CNSP) General Abdourahame TIANI (since 28 July 2023)

Election results

<em><br>2020/2021</em>: Mohamed BAZOUM elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Mohamed BAZOUM (PNDS-Tarrayya) 39.3%, Mahamane OUSMANE (MODEN/FA Lumana Africa) 17%, Seini OUMAROU (MNSD-Nassara) 9%, Albade ABOUDA (MPR-Jamhuriya) 7.1%, other 27.6%; percent of vote in second round - Mohamed BAZOUM 55.7%, Mahamane OUSMANE 44.3%

Election/appointment process

the CNSP rules by decree; previously, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister was appointed by the president, authorized by the National Assembly

Expected date of next election

2030

Head of government

CNSP Prime Minister Ali Mahaman Lamine ZEINE (since 9 August 2023)

Most recent election date

27 December 2020, with a runoff held on 21 February 2021

Note

<strong>note 1:</strong> deposed president Mohamed BAZOUM has been under house arrest since a military coup on 26 July 2023<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> on 26 March 2025, the CNSP leader TIANI issued a decree promulgating the Charter of the Refoundation and was sworn in as the country’s president for a transition period of five years

<strong>description:</strong> three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green, with an orange disk centered on the white band<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> orange stands for the northern Sahara regions, white for purity and innocence, and green for hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the people's sacrifices

note

<strong>note:</strong> similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered on the white band

The flag of Niger features three equal horizontal bands of orange, white and green, with an orange circle centered in the white band.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/ne.svg

formerly, semi-presidential republic

note

<strong>Note:</strong> on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved all government institutions, and rules by decree

3 August 1960 (from France)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSCA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members); Supreme Court (membership NA); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)

Judge selection and term of office

High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary to 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years

Subordinate courts

Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts

<strong>note:</strong> following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly, mixed system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law

Electoral system

mixed system

Expected date of next election

April 2030

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

Advisory Council for the Refoundation (Conseil consultatif de la refondation)

Most recent election date

5/1/2025

Note

<strong>note 1:</strong> on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the National Assembly; a commission recommended to the junta in February 2025 a minimum of a five-year transition to democratic rule<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> In May 2025, Transitional President Tiani signed decrees nominating 194 members of the Advisory Council for the Refoundation (Conseil consultatif de la refondation or CCR), CCR Bureau members, and the Speaker, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey; the first session of the CCR convened on 28 June 2025

Number of seats

194 (all appointed)

Percentage of women in chamber

19.6%

Scope of elections

full renewal

orange, white, green

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves (n); W-Arly-Pendjari Complex (n); Historic Agadez (c)

Total World Heritage Sites

3 (1 cultural, 2 natural)

Republic Day, 18 December (1958)

note

<strong>note:</strong> commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger, which predated independence from France in 1960

zebu

Alliance for Democracy and the Republic<br>Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi <br>Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN<br>Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci<br>Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger<br>Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji<br>Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger Falala<br>Democratic Patriots' Rally or RPD Bazara<br>National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara<br>Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya<br>Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana<br>Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya<br>Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa<br>Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace<br>Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya<br>Peace, Justice, Progress–Generation Doubara<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a<br>Rally for Peace and Progress or RPP Farilla<br>Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira

note

<strong>note:</strong> after the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland dissolved the National Assembly and prohibited all political party activity

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

millet, cowpeas, sorghum, onions, milk, sugarcane, cabbages, cassava, groundnuts, tomatoes (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$2.785 billion (2019 est.)

Revenues

$2.325 billion (2019 est.)

code

XOF

name

West African CFA franc (XOF) [Fr]

$-2,332,754,444

Current account balance 2021

-$2.099 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$2.5 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$2.333 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$5.31 billion

Debt - external 2023

$3.793 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

low-income Sahel economy; major instability and humanitarian crises limit economic activity; COVID-19 eliminated recent antipoverty gains; economy rebounding since December 2020 Nigerian border reopening and new investments; uranium resource rich

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

575.586 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

554.531 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

623.76 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

606.57 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

606.345 (2024 est.)

$5.43 billion

Exports 2021

$1.487 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$1.376 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$1.223 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

gold, oil seeds, uranium and thorium ore, radioactive chemicals, refined petroleum (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

UAE 31%, France 23%, China 18%, India 6%, Sweden 5% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$358.08 million

Exports of goods and services

31.2% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

11.8% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

59.2% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-20.8% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

18.7% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

0% (2024 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

33.8% (2024 est.)

Industry

17.8% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

45.4% (2024 est.)

$19.538 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$735

34.3 (2014)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021

32.9 (2021 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$19.64 billion

$680

22 % of GDP

Highest 10%

27.8% (2021 est.)

Lowest 10%

3.8% (2021 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$4.5 billion

Imports 2021

$4.027 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$4.194 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$3.808 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

rice, aircraft parts, iron structures, refined petroleum, centrifuges (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 26%, France 15%, India 12%, Nigeria 7%, UAE 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

12.1% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

9.07%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

4.2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.7% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

9.1% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

10.486 million (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

11.97 million persons

agriculture

72.99%

industry

9.27%

services

17.74%

45.5% (2021 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt 2016

45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

$55.41 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$43.474 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$44.199 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$47.921 billion (2024 est.)

10.3%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

11.9% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

1.7% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

8.4% (2024 est.)

$2,050

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$1,700 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$1,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$1,800 (2024 est.)

$650.39 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

0.39%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

0.5% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

0.5% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

0.4% (2024 est.)

Female

0.2% (2024 est.)

Male

0.4% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

0.3% (2024 est.)

Consumption

426,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

400 metric tons (2023 est.)

Production

427,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

90 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

1.645 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

62 kWh

Imports

1.213 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

377,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

372.245 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

7.7%

Electrification - total population

19.5% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

66.1%

Fossil fuels

97% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

0%

nuclear

0%

renewable

6.38%

Solar

3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

162 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

1.772 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

26.872 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

26.805 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves

150 million barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

18,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Total petroleum production

13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

79.6%

per 100 inhabitants

0 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2022 est.) less than 1

Total

14,000 (2022 est.)

state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has the only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private local radio stations; as many as 100 community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available

.ne

Percent of population

23% (2023 est.)

####

+227

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2022 est.) less than 1

Total subscriptions

58,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100

66 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

66 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

17.2 million (2023 est.)

passengers carried

5,775 passengers

registered carrier departures

165 departures

26 (2025)

5U

Right

RN

armored vehicles

tanks

the military of Niger is responsible for territorial defense, but most of its focus is on internal and border security operations; the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) and the al-Qaida affiliate Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) terrorist groups are active in western Niger and in adjacent strongholds in Burkina Faso and Mali, while the Nigeria-based Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa groups threaten southeast Niger; parts of Niger also face spillover from communal, criminal, and vigilante violence in neighboring Nigeria; since the 2023 coup, some former ethnic separatist rebels have taken up arms in support of deposed President BAZOUM<br><br>the military has played a role in Niger's domestic politics since its establishment in 1960-61; prior to seizing control of the government in 2023, it attempted coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, 2010, and 2021, and ruled the country for much of the period before 1999 (2025)

Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie<br><br>Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization: Niger National Guard, National Police (2025)

active duty personnel

10,000

note

<strong>note 1:</strong> the Niger Gendarmerie (GN) and the Niger National Guard (GNN) are paramilitary forces; the GN has primary responsibility for rural security while the GNN is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance under the National Police is charged with border management

percent of total labor force

0.11 %

estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie; estimated 15-20,000 National Guard (2025)

note

<strong>note: </strong>in 2020, the Nigerien Government announced it intended to increase the size of the FAN to 50,000 by 2025 and 100,000 by 2030

the FAN's inventory is comprised of older, typically Soviet-era weapons and equipment, along with smaller quantities of more modern armaments such as unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, air defense systems, and armored vehicles; suppliers over the past decade include China, France, Russia, South Africa, T&uuml;rkiye, and the US (2025)

2 % of GDP

current USD

$435,880,522

Military Expenditures 2020

2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

13.79 %

percent of GDP

2.24 % of GDP

18 is the legal minimum age for selective compulsory or voluntary military service for unmarried men and women; 24-month service term (2025)

PowerIndex score

2.6867

IDPs

891,565 (2024 est.)

Refugees

421,795 (2024 est.)

Tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Niger remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/niger/

Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – West Africa (ISIS-WA); Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)

note

<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

From coal and metallurgical coke

622,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

52,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

2.457 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

3.132 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; contaminated water; inadequate potable water; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened by poaching and habitat destruction

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Agriculture

713.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Energy

137.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Other

11.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste

128.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

59.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

18 % of total land area

6 % of total

34,050,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)

74 % of internal resources

Agricultural

2.351 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

38.654 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

193.247 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

1.866 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

20.3% (2022 est.)