Countries
Peru
Key Economic Indicators
$609.16 billion
$17,802
3.3%
2.01%
5.12%
$289.222 billion (2024 est.)
35 % of GDP
$6.39 billion
Economic Overview
<p>upper-middle-income South American economy; strong post-COVID rebound tempered by political uncertainty and climate risks; exports driven by mineral extraction and agriculture; large informal sector and uneven access to public services; stable fiscal position and financial sector</p>
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, grapes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Average household expenditures
On alcohol and tobacco:
2.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food:
26.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Budget
Expenditures:
$55.34 billion (2021 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$48.003 billion (2021 est.)
Currency
code:
PEN
name:
Peruvian sol (PEN) [S/ ]
Current account balance
$6.39 billion
Current account balance 2022:
-$9.972 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
$881.934 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
$6.39 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$93.27 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$38.102 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2019:
3.337 (2019 est.)
Exchange rates 2020:
3.495 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
3.881 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
3.835 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
3.744 (2023 est.)
Exports
$82.54 billion
Exports 2022:
$71.39 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$72.97 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$83.325 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
copper ore, gold, refined copper, refined petroleum, grapes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
China 34%, USA 14%, Canada 5%, India 4%, Switzerland 4% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$6.8 billion
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
28.5% (2024 est.)
Government consumption:
13.4% (2024 est.)
Household consumption:
61.6% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-22.9% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
20.8% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories:
-1.4% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
6.1% (2024 est.)
Industry:
32.2% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
52.7% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$289.222 billion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$8,452
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
41.5 (2019)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023:
40.7 (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$272.67 billion
GNI per capita
$7,500
Gross domestic investment
19 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
30.6% (2023 est.)
Lowest 10%:
2% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$66.34 billion
Imports 2022:
$69.936 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$63.776 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$67.16 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
China 26%, USA 21%, Brazil 7%, Argentina 5%, Mexico 3% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
3.1% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.01%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
8.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
6.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
2% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
18.918 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
19.24 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
23.13%
industry:
16.79%
services:
60.08%
Population below poverty line
27.5% (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
35 % of GDP
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2021:
35.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$609.16 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$520.872 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$518.771 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$535.911 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
3.3%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
2.8% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
-0.4% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
3.3% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$17,802
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$15,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$15,300 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$15,700 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$4.93 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021:
1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022:
1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$79.25 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$72.328 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$71.394 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$79.246 billion (2024 est.)
Revenue (excl grants)
21 % of GDP
Tax revenue
16 % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
15.9% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
5.12%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
3.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
4.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
4.9% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
9.8% (2024 est.)
Male:
7.9% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
8.8% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Peruvian sol (PEN) S/ (2025)
Gini Index
41.50 (2019)
Languages
Aymara, Quechua, Spanish (2025)
Economic Rankings
External Debt
#20
Reserves
#33
GDP (PPP)
#47
GDP (Nominal)
#47
Exports
#52
Gini Index
#56
Imports
#58
Unemployment Rate
#99
GDP per Capita
#100
Inflation Rate
#102
GDP Growth Rate
#148
Quick Facts
Industries
mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing,
Agricultural products
sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, grapes (2023)
Labor force
18.918 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 34%, USA 14%, Canada 5%, India 4%, Switzerland 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 26%, USA 21%, Brazil 7%, Argentina 5%, Mexico 3% (2023)
Exchange rates
nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -
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