Countries
Moldova
Key Economic Indicators
$44.72 billion
$18,615
0.1%
4.68%
1.51%
$18.2 billion (2024 est.)
34 % of GDP
$-3,012,700,136
Economic Overview
upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Budget
Expenditures:
$6.037 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$5.197 billion (2023 est.)
Currency
code:
MDL
name:
Moldovan leu (MDL) [L]
Current account balance
$-3,012,700,136
Current account balance 2022:
-$2.482 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
-$1.893 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
-$2.917 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$10.49 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$2.637 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
17.322 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
17.68 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
18.897 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
18.164 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
17.792 (2024 est.)
Exports
$5.72 billion
Exports 2022:
$5.981 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$5.866 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$5.717 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
insulated wire, garments, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$458.37 million
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
31.4% (2024 est.)
Government consumption:
17.9% (2024 est.)
Household consumption:
86.8% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-57.3% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
20% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories:
1.1% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
7.1% (2024 est.)
Industry:
16.8% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
62.3% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$18.2 billion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$7,576
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
25.7 (2018)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022:
25.9 (2022 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$18.29 billion
GNI per capita
$6,880
Gross domestic investment
21 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
22.5% (2022 est.)
Lowest 10%:
4.5% (2022 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$10.42 billion
Imports 2022:
$10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$9.84 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$10.418 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
3.3% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.68%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
28.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
13.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
4.7% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
1.358 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
1.38 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
50.5%
industry:
12.55%
services:
36.94%
Population below poverty line
31.1% (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
34 % of GDP
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2023:
34.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$44.72 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$38.835 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$39.301 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$39.342 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
0.1%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
-4.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
1.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
0.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$18,615
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$15,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$16,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$16,500 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$1.92 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022:
14% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
12% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024:
10.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$5.48 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$4.474 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$5.453 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$5.484 billion (2024 est.)
Revenue (excl grants)
29 % of GDP
Tax revenue
19 % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
18.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
1.51%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
0.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
1.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
1.5% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
3.3% (2024 est.)
Male:
3.4% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
3.3% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Moldovan leu (MDL) L (2025)
Gini Index
25.70 (2018)
Languages
Romanian (2025)
Economic Rankings
Inflation Rate
#25
External Debt
#71
GDP per Capita
#96
Reserves
#96
Imports
#121
GDP (Nominal)
#131
Exports
#133
GDP (PPP)
#134
Gini Index
#169
Unemployment Rate
#170
GDP Growth Rate
#182
Quick Facts
Industries
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
Agricultural products
wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023)
Labor force
1.358 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
Exchange rates
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
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