Countries
Kazakhstan
Key Economic Indicators
$842.05 billion
$40,891
5%
8.84%
4.77%
$288.406 billion (2024 est.)
21 % of GDP
$-7,935,495,078
Economic Overview
<p>upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; robust growth due to rising oil production, expansion in manufacturing and services, rising domestic demand, and infrastructure investments; however, rapid growth contributing to high inflation rate; declining unemployment and poverty rates</p>
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
wheat, milk, barley, potatoes, watermelons, cantaloupes/melons, sunflower seeds, maize, onions, tomatoes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Average household expenditures
On alcohol and tobacco:
2.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food:
50.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Budget
Expenditures:
$47.247 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$44.25 billion (2023 est.)
Currency
code:
KZT
name:
Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) [₸]
Current account balance
$-7,935,495,078
Current account balance 2022:
$6.436 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
-$9.448 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
-$3.702 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$167.54 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$25.765 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
tenge (KZT) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
412.953 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
425.908 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
460.165 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
456.165 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
468.962 (2024 est.)
Exports
$92.07 billion
Exports 2022:
$93.822 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$90.926 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$91.908 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, radioactive chemicals, refined copper, copper ore (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
China 16%, UK 15%, Russia 10%, Turkey 6%, Italy 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$1.98 billion
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
34.5% (2023 est.)
Government consumption:
11.1% (2023 est.)
Household consumption:
51.4% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-27.5% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
26.5% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories:
3.3% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
3.9% (2024 est.)
Industry:
31.4% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
58.2% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$288.406 billion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$14,155
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
27.8 (2018)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021:
29.2 (2021 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$267.95 billion
GNI per capita
$12,090
Gross domestic investment
27 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
24.8% (2021 est.)
Lowest 10%:
4.3% (2021 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$74.54 billion
Imports 2022:
$60.439 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$72.723 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$74.246 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
garments, cars, broadcasting equipment, vehicle bodies, packaged medicine (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
China 28%, Russia 24%, Gambia, The 4%, Turkey 4%, USA 4% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
6.6% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
8.84%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
15% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
14.7% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
8.8% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
10.285 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
10.01 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
11.32%
industry:
19.89%
services:
68.79%
Population below poverty line
5.2% (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
21 % of GDP
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2023:
20.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$842.05 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$671.285 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$705.52 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$739.385 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
5%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
3.2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
5.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
4.8% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$40,891
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$33,500 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$34,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$35,900 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$240.78 million
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022:
0.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024:
0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$45.81 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$35.076 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$35.965 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$45.808 billion (2024 est.)
Revenue (excl grants)
17 % of GDP
Tax revenue
12 % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
11.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
4.77%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
4.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
4.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
4.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
4.8% (2024 est.)
Male:
3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
3.8% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) (2025)
Gini Index
27.80 (2018)
Languages
Kazakh, Russian (2025)
Economic Rankings
External Debt
#13
GDP (PPP)
#38
Inflation Rate
#42
Reserves
#45
GDP (Nominal)
#48
Exports
#50
Imports
#55
GDP per Capita
#56
GDP Growth Rate
#94
Unemployment Rate
#105
Gini Index
#158
Quick Facts
Industries
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors,
Agricultural products
wheat, milk, barley, potatoes, watermelons, cantaloupes/melons, sunflower seeds, maize, onions, tomatoes (2023)
Labor force
10.285 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 16%, UK 15%, Russia 10%, Turkey 6%, Italy 5% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 28%, Russia 24%, Gambia, The 4%, Turkey 4%, USA 4% (2023)
Exchange rates
tenge (KZT) per US dollar -
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