Countries
Germany
Key Economic Indicators
$6.14 trillion
$73,552
-0.5%
2.26%
3.71%
$4.66 trillion (2024 est.)
<strong>note:</strong> general government gross debt is defined in the Maastrich
$270.45 billion
Economic Overview
<p>leading export-driven, core EU and eurozone economy; key automotive, chemical, engineering, finance, and green energy industries; growth stalled by energy crisis and declining exports; tight labor market with falling working-age population; fiscal rebalancing with phaseout of energy price supports</p>
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Average household expenditures
On alcohol and tobacco:
3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food:
11.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Budget
Expenditures:
$1.369 trillion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$1.279 trillion (2023 est.)
Currency
code:
EUR
name:
euro (EUR) [€]
Current account balance
$270.45 billion
Current account balance 2022:
$161.759 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
$251.479 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
$267.056 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exports
$1.94 trillion
Exports 2022:
$1.917 trillion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$1.958 trillion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$1.949 trillion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, plastic products, vaccines (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
USA 10%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, China 7%, Italy 6% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$47.6 billion
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
43.4% (2023 est.)
Government consumption:
21.2% (2023 est.)
Household consumption:
49.9% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-39.4% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
21.5% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories:
0.2% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
0.8% (2024 est.)
Industry:
25.8% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
63.9% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$4.66 trillion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$56,104
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
31.9 (2016)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020:
32.4 (2020 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$4.85 trillion
GNI per capita
$55,090
Gross domestic investment
21 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
25% (2020 est.)
Lowest 10%:
2.9% (2020 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$1.76 trillion
Imports 2022:
$1.808 trillion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$1.781 trillion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$1.774 trillion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, garments, natural gas, vaccines (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
China 12%, Netherlands 7%, USA 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
-3% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
<p>iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles</p>
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.26%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
6.9% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
5.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
2.3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
43.772 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
43.2 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
1.07%
industry:
25.97%
services:
72.95%
Population below poverty line
14.8% (2021 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, loca
Public debt 2017:
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$6.14 trillion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$5.274 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$5.26 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$5.247 trillion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
-0.5%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
1.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
-0.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
-0.2% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$73,552
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$62,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$62,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$62,800 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$21.23 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022:
0.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
0.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024:
0.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$377.94 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$293.914 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$322.7 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$377.936 billion (2024 est.)
Revenue (excl grants)
28 % of GDP
Tax revenue
11 % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
3.71%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
3.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
3.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
3.5% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
5.9% (2024 est.)
Male:
7.4% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
6.7% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
dalasi (GMD) D (2025)
Gini Index
35.90 (2015)
Languages
English (2025)
Economic Rankings
Exports
#3
GDP (Nominal)
#3
Imports
#3
GDP (PPP)
#6
Reserves
#10
GDP per Capita
#19
Inflation Rate
#125
Unemployment Rate
#131
Gini Index
#140
GDP Growth Rate
#181
Quick Facts
Industries
<p>iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles</p>
Agricultural products
milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023)
Labor force
43.772 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
USA 10%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, China 7%, Italy 6% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 12%, Netherlands 7%, USA 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2023)
Exchange rates
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
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