1988 Edition

Boundary disputes

short section with Zaire is indefinite

Climate

tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)

tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

Comparative area

about the size of Texas

slightly smaller than California

Environment

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare; deforestation; soil erosion; air and water pollution; desertification

Ethnic divisions

98.7% African, 1.1% European, 0.2% other

about 96% African (over 73% members of Shona-speaking subtribes, 19% speak Ndebele); about 3% white, 1% mixed and Asian

Infant mortality rate

140/1,000 (1984)

66/1,000 (1985)

Labor force

2,455,000; 85% agriculture; 6% mining, manufacturing, and construction; 9% transport and services

1,985,000 (1985); 78% agriculture; 18% mining, manufacturing, construction; 4% transport and services

Land boundaries

6,003 km total

3,017 km total

Land use

7% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 47% meadows and pastures; 27% forest and woodland; 19% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

7% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; 62% forest and woodland; 19% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Language

English (official); about 70 indigenous languages

English (official); ChiShona and Si Ndebele

Life expectancy

47

men 53.3, women 56.8

Literacy

54%

45-55%

Nationality

noun — Zambian(s); adjective— Zambian

noun — Zimbabwean(s); adjective— Zimbabwean

Organized labor

about 238,000 wage earners are unionized

about one-third of European wage earners are unionized, but only a small minority of Africans

Population

7,281,738 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 3.73%

9,371,972 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 3.60%

Religion

50-75% Christian, 1% Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous beliefs

50% syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs), 25% Christian, 24% indigenous beliefs, a few Muslim

Special notes

landlocked

landlocked

Terrain

mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

Total area

752,610 km2; land area: 740,720 km2

390,580 km2; land area: 386,670 km2

Administrative divisions

nine provinces

8 provinces

Branches

modified presidential system; unicameral legislature (National Assembly); judiciary

legislative authority resides in a Parliament consisting of a 100-member House of Assembly (with 20 seats reserved for whites) and a 40-member Senate (10 elected by white members of the House, 14 elected by the other members of the House; 10 chiefs, 5 from Mashonaland and 5 from Matabeleland, elected by members of the Council of Chiefs; 6 appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime Minister); executive authority lies with a Cabinet led by the Prime Minister; the High Court is the superior judicial authority

Capital

Lusaka

Harare

Communists

no Communist party

Elections

general election held 27 October 1983; next general election scheduled for 1988 Political parties and leaders: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when one-party state proclaimed

last held July 1985 Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), Robert Mugabe; Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), Joshua Nkomo; Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (CAZ), Ian Smith; Independent Zimbabwe Group (IZG), Bill Irving; Zimbabwe African National Union - Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi Sithole; others failed to win any seats in Parliament Zimbabwe (continued)

Government leaders

Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA, President (since October 1964); Kebby MUSOKOTWANE, Prime Minister (April 1985)

Rev. Canaan Sodindo BANANA, President (since April 1980); Robert Gabriel MUGABE, Prime Minister (since April 1980)

Legal system

based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Roman-Dutch

Member of

AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Independence Day, 24 October

Official name

Republic of Zambia

Republic of Zimbabwe

Suffrage

universal adult at age 18

universal over age 18; for at least seven years after independence (1980), white, mixed, and Asians vote on a separate roll for 20 seats in the House of Assembly

Type

one-party state

independent, Hritish-style parliamentary democracy

Voting strength

(1983 election) 63.5% of eligible voters participated; Kaunda, the only candidate for president, received a 93% yes vote; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP

Agriculture

corn, tobacco, cotton; net importer of most major agricultural products

Budget

revenues $610 million; expenditures $733 million (1984 est.)

Electric power

1,900,000 kW capacity; 11,100 million kWh produced, 1,570 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$788 million (f.o.b., 1985); copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

$2.3 billion (1985), $340 per capita; real growth rate 3.4% (1985 est.)

Imports

$513 million (c.i.f., 1985); machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures

Major industries

copper mining and refinery, transport, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer

Major trade partners

EC, Japan, South Africa, US

Monetary conversion rate

13.5 Zambian kwachas=US$l (December 1986)

Natural resources

copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydroelectric power

Airfields

128 total, 114 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Zimbabwe

Branches

Army, Air Force, paramilitary Police Mobile Force, Police Paramilitary

Civil air

9 major transport aircraft

Highways

36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth

Inland waterways

2,250 km, including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Tanganyika; Mpulungu is small port on Lake Tanganyika

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,500,000; 786,000 fit for military service QWMU. Mutw« Mnvingo Set rcfional map VII

Pipelines

1,724 km crude oil

Railroads

1,204 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track

Telecommunications

facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa; highcapacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; 71,700 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 2 FM, 10 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces