2012 Edition

Background

The September 1993 Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements provided for a transitional period of Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Under a series of agreements signed between May 1994 and September 1999, Israel transferred to the Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled following the outbreak of the second intifada in September 2000. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and withdrew settlers and redeployed soldiers from four small northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel still controls maritime, airspace, and other access to the Gaza Strip. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). HAMAS took control of the PA government in March 2006, but President ABBAS had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community, leading to the imposition of economic sanctions on the Palestinian government for its refusal to renounce violence, recognize Israel, and adhere to previous agreements. Violent clashes between Fatah and HAMAS supporters in the Gaza Strip in 2006 and early 2007 resulted in numerous Palestinian deaths and injuries. In February 2007, ABBAS and HAMAS Political Bureau chief Khalid MISHAL signed the Mecca Agreement in Saudi Arabia that resulted in the formation of a Palestinian National Unity Government (NUG) headed by HAMAS member Ismail HANIYA. However, fighting continued in the Gaza Strip, and in June 2007, HAMAS militants succeeded in a violent takeover of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip. ABBAS that same month dismissed the NUG and through a series of presidential decrees formed a PA government in the West Bank led by independent Salam FAYYAD. Fatah and HAMAS in May 2011, under the auspices of Egyptian-sponsored reconciliation negotiations, agreed to reunify the Palestinian territories, but the factions have struggled to implement details on governing and security structures despite subsequent agreements in February and May 2012. The status quo remains with HAMAS in control of the Gaza Strip and ABBAS and the Fatah-dominated PA governing the West Bank. FAYYAD and his PA government continue to implement a series of security and economic reforms to improve conditions in the West Bank. The Palestinians in November 2012 achieved observer state status at the UN, a step which gives the Palestinians higher speaking priority than their previous status as an observer entity, increased representation in the UN programs and funds, and the ability to accede to international treaties and conventions. ABBAS, since the collapse of direct talks between the Israelis and Palestinians in September 2010 has reaffirmed that he will not resume negotiations until Israel halts all settlement activity in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

Area

5,860 sq km 5,640 sq km 220 sq km includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967

total

5,860 sq km

water

220 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Delaware

Climate

temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

Dead Sea -408 m Tall Asur 1,022 m

highest point

Tall Asur 1,022 m

lowest point

Dead Sea -408 m

Environment - current issues

adequacy of freshwater supply; sewage treatment

Geographic coordinates

32 00 N, 35 15 E

Geography - note

landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are about 355 Israeli civilian sites including about 145 small outpost communities in the West Bank and 32 sites in East Jerusalem (2010 est.)

Irrigated land

180 sq km; note - includes Gaza Strip (2003)

Land boundaries

404 km Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

border countries

Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

total

404 km

Land use

16.9% 18.97% 64.13% (2001)

arable land

16.9%

other

64.13% (2001)

permanent crops

18.97%

Location

Middle East, west of Jordan, east of Israel

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

droughts

Natural resources

arable land

Terrain

mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east

Age structure

35.1% (male 472,011/ female 447,765) 61.2% (male 822,690/ female 782,157) 3.7% (male 40,765/ female 57,156) (2012 est.)

0-14 years

35.1% (male 472,011/ female 447,765)

15-64 years

61.2% (male 822,690/ female 782,157)

65 years and over

3.7% (male 40,765/ female 57,156) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

24.19 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate

3.56 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

14.47 deaths/1,000 live births 16.22 deaths/1,000 live births 12.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

female

12.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

total

14.47 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Life expectancy at birth

75.24 years 73.17 years 77.42 years (2012 est.)

female

77.42 years (2012 est.)

total population

75.24 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 92.4% 96.7% 88% (2004 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

88% (2004 est.)

male

96.7%

total population

92.4%

Maternal mortality rate

64 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

21.7 years 21.5 years 21.9 years (2012 est.)

female

21.9 years (2012 est.)

male

21.5 years

total

21.7 years

Nationality

NA NA

adjective

NA

noun

NA

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Population

2,622,544 (July 2012 est.) approximately 325,500 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2011); approximately 186,929 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2010)

Population growth rate

2.063% (2012 est.)

Religions

Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

14 years 13 years 14 years (2006)

female

14 years (2006)

male

13 years

total

14 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 0.71 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.71 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

2.98 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

46.9% 38.8% 47.3% (2008)

female

47.3% (2008)

total

46.9%

Urbanization

72% of total population (2008) 3.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

urban population

72% of total population (2008)

Country name

none West Bank

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

West Bank

Agriculture - products

olives, citrus fruit, vegetables; beef, dairy products

Budget

$2.15 billion $3.23 billion includes Palestinian Authority expenditures in the Gaza Strip (2011 est.)

expenditures

$3.23 billion

revenues

$2.15 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-16.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

6.8% (31 December 2012 est.) 6.79% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$690.7 million (2010 est.) $-690.7 million (2010 est.)

Debt - external

$1.04 billion (2010 est.) $1.3 billion (2007 est.) data include the Gaza Strip

Economy - overview

The West Bank - the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories - has sustained a moderate rate of economic growth since 2008. Inflows of donor aid and government spending have driven most of the gains, however, rather than private sector development. After a multiyear downturn following the start of the second intifada in 2000, overall standard-of-living measures have recovered and now exceed levels seen in the late 1990s. Despite the Palestinian Authority's (PA) largely successful implementation of economic and security reforms and the easing of some movement and access restrictions by the Israeli Government in 2010, Israeli closure policies continue to disrupt labor and trade flows, industrial capacity, and basic commerce, eroding the productive capacity of the West Bank economy. The biggest impediments to economic improvements in the West Bank remain Palestinians' inability to access land and resources in Israeli-controlled areas, import and export restrictions, and a high-cost capital structure. The PA for the foreseeable future will continue to rely heavily on donor aid for its budgetary needs, and West Bank economic activity will depend largely on the PA's ability to attract such aid.

Exchange rates

new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 3.903 (2012 est.) 3.578 (2011 est.) 3.73 (2010) 3.932 (2009) 3.588 (2008)

Exports

$666.1 million (2010 est.) $518 million (2009) includes Gaza Strip

Exports - commodities

stone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition by sector

6.2% 12.5% 81.3% (2012 est.) includes Gaza Strip (2012 est.)

agriculture

6.2%

industry

12.5%

services

81.3% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,900 (2008 est.) includes Gaza Strip

GDP - real growth rate

5.7% (2011 est.) 6.8% (2010 est.) 7% (2009 est.) includes Gaza Strip

GDP (official exchange rate)

$6.641 billion includes Gaza Strip (2008 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$8.02 billion (2011 est.) $7.59 billion (2010) includes Gaza Strip

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3.2% 28.2%

highest 10%

28.2%

lowest 10%

3.2%

Imports

$4.319 billion (2010 est.) $3.601 billion (2009) data include the Gaza Strip

Imports - commodities

food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.5% (2012 est.) 2.9% (2011 est.) includes Gaza Strip

Labor force

745,600 (2010)

Labor force - by occupation

16.1% 28.4% 55.5% includes Gaza Strip (2010 est.)

agriculture

16.1%

industry

28.4%

services

55.5%

Market value of publicly traded shares

$2.532 billion (31 December 2011) $2.45 billion (31 December 2010) $2.375 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

18.3% (2010 est.)

Stock of broad money

$6.674 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $6.674 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$914.9 million (31 December 2012 est.) $851.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$132.8 million (31 December 2012 est.) $100.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

31.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

23% (2012 est.) 23.5% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

3.382 million Mt (2010 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Electricity - consumption

4.42 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2011)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

550 million kWh (2011 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

140,000 kW includes Gaza Strip (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

470 million kWh (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

29,310 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

1.92 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

15,420 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Broadcast media

the Palestinian Authority operates 1 TV and 1 radio station; about 30 independent TV and 25 radio stations; both Jordanian TV and satellite TV is accessible (2008)

Internet country code

.ps; note - same as Gaza Strip

Internet users

1.379 million (includes Gaza Strip) (2009)

Telephone system

continuing political and economic instability has impeded significant liberalization of the telecommunications industry Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; PALTEL plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Jordan to route domestic mobile calls; the Palestinian JAWWAL company and WATANIYA PALESTINE provide cellular services country code - 970; 1 international switch in Ramallah (2009) (2009)

domestic

Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; PALTEL plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Jordan to route domestic mobile calls; the Palestinian JAWWAL company and WATANIYA PALESTINE provide cellular services

general assessment

continuing political and economic instability has impeded significant liberalization of the telecommunications industry

international

country code - 970; 1 international switch in Ramallah (2009) (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

337,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2010)

Telephones - mobile cellular

2.405 million (includes Gaza Strip) (2010)

Airports

2 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

total

2

under 914 m

1 (2012)

Roadways

5,147 km 5,147 km includes Gaza Strip (2006)

total

5,147 km

Manpower fit for military service

579,248 547,782 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

547,782 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

579,248

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

30,925 29,440 (2010 est.)

female

29,440 (2010 est.)

male

30,925

Military expenditures

NA

Disputes - international

The current status of the West Bank is subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel withdrew from four settlements in the northern West Bank in August 2005; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem, monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region

Refugees and internally displaced persons

727,471 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2012) 160,000 (persons displaced within the Palestinian Territories since 1967; largely from Israeli military operations in 2008-9) (2011)

IDPs

160,000 (persons displaced within the Palestinian Territories since 1967; largely from Israeli military operations in 2008-9) (2011)

refugees (country of origin)

727,471 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2012)