1988 Edition

Aid

donor — ODA and OOF commitments (1970-84) $15.4 billion

Boundary disputes

none; maritime dispute with Canada; Guantanamo (US Naval Base) leased from Cuba; Haiti claims Navassa Island (US possession); has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation

Argentina, Brazil

Budget

national and local government revenues (FY86 est), $222.3 billion; expenditures, $232.2 billion; deficit $9.9 billion

Climate

mostly temperate, but varies from tropical (Hawaii) to arctic (Alaska); arid to semiarid with occasional warm, dry chinook wind in west

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Coastline

19,924 km

660 km

Comparative area

about four-tenths the size of USSR; about one-third the size of Africa; about one-half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly smaller than China; about two and one-half times the size of Western Europe

about the size of the State of Washington

Contiguous zone

12 nm

Continental shelf

200 meters

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

pollution control measures improving air and water quality; acid rain; agricultural fertilizer and pesticide pollution; management of sparse natural water resources in west; desertification; tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin

subject to seasonally high winds, droughts, floods

Ethnic divisions

83.1% white; 11.6% black; 6.448% Spanish origin; 0.622% American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; 0.357% Chinese; 0.343% Filipino; 0.31% Japanese, 0.1595% other Asian; 0.156% Korean; 0.115% Vietnamese (1980)

88% white, 8% mestizo, 4% black Uruguay (continued)

Extended economic zone

200 nm

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March

Infant mortality rate

10.6/1,000 (1984)

32/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

117.17 million (includes the armed forces and the unemployed) — annual averages of monthly data; unemployment rate 7.2% (1985); 7.1% unemployed as a share of total civilian labor force (1985)

about 1.28 million (1981); 25% government; 19% manufacturing; 11% agriculture; 12% commerce; 12% utilities, construction, transport, and communications; 21% other services; unemployment 11% (1986 est.)

Land boundaries

12,000 km total

1,352 km total

Land use

20% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 26% meadows and pastures; 29% forest and woodland; 25% other; includes 2% irrigated

8% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 78% meadows and pastures; 4% forest and woodland; 10% other; includes 1% irrigated

Language

predominantly English; sizable Spanish-speaking minority

Spanish

Life expectancy

men 71.6, women 76.3

men 67.1, women 73.7

Literacy

99%

94.3%

Major trade partners

exports — 46.2% EC (11.4% FRG, 9.9% France, 9.4% Netherlands), 14.8% US, 2.3% Communist countries; imports— 46.2% EC (14.9% FRG, 7.8% France, 7.7% Netherlands), 11.9% US, 2.4% Communist countries (1985)

Monetary conversion rate

0.674 pound sterling=US$l (December 1986)

Nationality

noun — Uruguayan(s); adjective— Uruguayan

Organized labor

17.3 million members; 18% of civilian labor force (1985)

Interunion Workers' Assembly/National Workers' Confederation (PIT/CNT) Labor Federation

Population

243,084,000 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.92%

2,964,052 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.39%

Religion

total membership in religious bodies 140.170 million; Protestant 76.8 million, Roman Catholic 52.7 million, Jewish 5.7 million, other religions 5.0 million; 60% of the population have a religious affiliation (1982)

66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 30% nonprofessing or other

Special notes

world's fourth largest country (after USSR, Canada, and China)

none

Terrain

vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys United States (continued) in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Territorial sea

3 nm

200 nm (overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm)

Total area

9,372,610 km2; land area: 9,166,600km2

176,220 km2; land area: 173,620 km2

Administrative divisions

50 states and the District of Columbia

19 departments with limited autonomy

Branches

executive (President), bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate), and judicial (Supreme Court); branches, in principle, independent and maintain balance of power

executive, headed by President; bicameral National Congress (Senate and House of Deputies); national judiciary headed by Court of Justice

Capital

Washington, D. C.

Montevideo

Communists

Communist Party (claimed 15,000-20,000 members), Gus Hall, general secretary; Socialist Workers Party (claimed 1,800 members), Jack Barnes, national secretary (1983)

30,000

Dependent areas

American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island. Since 18 July 1947, the US has administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship with three of the four political units. The Northern Mariana Islands is a Commonwealth associated with the US (effective 3 November 1986). Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US that was approved by the US Congress but to date the Compact process has not been completed in Palau, which continues to be administered by the US as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986). The Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986). Maps and data on the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands will be included in the next edition.

Elections

presidential, every four years (next November 1988); all members of the House of Representatives, every two years; one-third of members of the Senate, every two years Political parties and leaders: Republican Party, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., national chairman, Maureen Reagan, cochairman; Democratic Party, Paul G. Kirk, Jr., national committee chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance

last November 1984; elections held every five years Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party, Wilson Ferreira; Colorado Party, Julio Sanguinetti, Enrique Tarigo, Jorge Pacheco Areco; Broad Front Coalition, Liber Seregni; Communist Party (legalized in March 1985), Rodney Arismendi; Civic Union, Humberto Ciganda; Government of the People (List 99), Hugo Batalla

Government leaders

Ronald REAGAN, President (since January 1981); George BUSH, Vice President (since January 1981)

Julio M. SANGUINETTI, President (since March 1985); Enrique E. TARIGO, Vice President (since March 1985)

Legal system

based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on Spanish civil law system; most recent constitution implemented 1967; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

ADB, ANZUS, Bank of International Settlements, CCC, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, ESCAP, GATT, Group of Ten, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICEM, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, PAHO, SPC, UN, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 July

Independence Day, 25 August

Official name

United States of America

Oriental Republic of Uruguay

Other political or pressure groups

National Liberation Movement (MLN) — Tupamaros, leftist revolutionary terrorist group, granted amnesty in 1985

Suffrage

all citizens over age 18; not compulsory

universal over age 18

Type

federal republic; strong democratic tradition

republic

Voting strength

53.3% voter participation (1984 presidential election); Republican Party (Ronald Reagan), 59% of the popular vote (525 electoral votes); Democratic Party (Walter Mondale), 41% of the popular vote (13 electoral votes)

(1984 elections) 41% Colorado, 35% Blanco, 22% Broad Front, 2% Civic Union

Agriculture

food grains, feed crops, oilbearing crops, cattle, dairy products

large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing; main crops — wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs

Aid

including Ex-Im (FY80-85), $54.2 billion

US authorized, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $78 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-84) $175 million; Communist countries (1970-85), $65 million

Budget

(1986) receipts, $769.1 billion; outlays, $989.8 billion; deficit, $220.7 billion

(1986 est.) revenues, $709 million; expenditures, $901 million

Crude steel

80. 1 million metric tons produced, 335 kg per capita (1985)

Electric power

717,643,000 kW capacity; 2,733,630 billion kWh produced, 11,350 kWh per capita (1986)

1,379,000 kW capacity; 3,730 million kWh produced, 1,260 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$213,144 billion (f.o.b., 1985); machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, agricultural products

$960 million (f.o.b., 1986); meat, textiles, wool, hides, leather products, fish, rice, furs

Fiscal year

1 October-30 September

calendar year

Fishing

catch 4,143 thousand metric tons (1983); 5.5 kg per capita consumption (1981); imports $4.173 billion (1981); exports $1.156 billion, (1981); est. value, $2.388 billion (1981) Uruguay

GDP

$5.2 billion, $1,760 per capita (1986); 89% consumption, 13% gross investment, —2.0% foreign; real growth rate 1986, 3.0%

GNP

$3,988.5 billion (1985); $2,186.5 billion (65%) personal consumption, $501.0 billion (14.9%) private investment, $701.8 billion (20.9%) government, - $25.9 billion (—.1%) net exports; $16,710 per capita; 2.3 % real growth (1985)

Imports

$361,627 billion (c.i.f., 1985); crude and partly refined petroleum, machinery, transport equipment (mainly new automobiles)

$708 million (f.o.b., 1986 est.); fuels and lubricants (37%), metals, machinery, transportation equipment, industrial chemicals

Major industries

meat processing, wool and hides, rice, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum refining

Major trade partners

exports — $4,030 million Canada, $1,925.7 million Japan, $1,015.7 million Mexico, $842.8 million UK, $651.4 million FRG (1985); imports— $6,153.8 million Canada, $6,451.8 million Japan, $1,479.4 million Mexico, $1,300.1 million UK, $1,807.5 million FRG (1985)

exports — 20% Brazil; 15% US, imports— 39% LAIA (13% Brazil, 11% Argentina), 15% EC, 7% US (1986 est.)

Military transfers

(FY80-85) $27.4 billion

US authorized (FY7085) $39 million

Monetary conversion rate

173.36 new pesos=US$l (November 1986)

Natural gas

16.5 trillion cubic feet produced (1985)

Natural resources

coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc

soil, hydroelectric power (potential), minor minerals

Airfields

499 total, 332 usable; 243 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 36 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 133 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

15,422 in operation (1981)

97 total, 94 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Royal Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Marines

Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (including Marine Corps), US Coast Guard, Department of the Air Force

Army, Navy, Air Force

Civil air

618 major transport aircraft

2,960 commercial multiengine transport aircraft, including 2,724 jet, 185 turboprop, 51 piston (1984)

14 major transport aircraft

Freight carried

rail— 1,637.0 million metric tons, 1,345.6 billion metric ton/km (1984); highways— 987.53 billion metric ton/km (1984); inland water freight (excluding Great Lakes traffic)— 582.81 million metric tons, 358.29 billion metric ton/km (1984); air— 11,495 million metric ton/km (1984)

Highways

United Kingdom, 362,982 km total; Great Britain, 339,483 km paved (including 2,573 km limited-access divided highway); Northern Ireland, 23,499 km (22,907 paved, 592 km gravel)

6,365,590 km, including 88,641 km expressways

49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth

Inland waterways

3,219 km publicly owned; 605 km major commercial routes

est. 41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes

1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1986, $28.4 billion; about 20.1% of central government budget North Atlantic Ocean

$289.1 billion; 29.2% of central government budget (1986) 125fcm R(o dela Plata See rrti,mil m.p IV

Military manpower

males 15-49, 14,315,000; 12,117,000 fit for military service; no conscription

2,135,900 total; 780,800, army; 594,500, air force; 761,400, navy (includes 196,600 marines) (1984)

males 15-49, 689,000; 561,000 fit for military service; no conscription Vanuatu Espintu Santo LuganviH V o . Aoba\Maewo ^Msew A Pentecost 200km South

Note

this section was compiled from information in the public domain and does not represent Intelligence Community estimates

Pipelines

933 km crude oil, almost all insignificant; 2,993 km refined products; 12,800 km natural gas

petroleum, 883.3 billion metric ton/km, 1,049.6 million metric tons carried (1984)

Ports

9 major, 15 secondary, 190 minor

44 handling 10.9 million metric tons or more per year

1 major (Montevideo), 9 minor

Railroads

Great Britain— 16,800 km total; British Railways (BR) operates 16,800 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (3,802 km electrified and 12,591 km double or multiple track); several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge lines are privately owned and operated; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 332 km 1.600-meter gauge, 190 km double track

270,312 km

3,000 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge and government owned

Telecommunications

modern, efficient domestic and international system; 29.5 million telephones (52.5 per 100 popl.); excellent countrywide broadcast systems with 216 AM, 478 FM, 3,065 TV stations; 36 coaxial submarine cables; 4 satellite ground stations with a total of 14 antennas Defense Forces

182,558,000 telephones (791 telephones per 1,000 popl.); 4,892 AM, 3,915 FM, 1,285 noncommercial FM stations (10,092 total); 796 commercial, 300 noncommercial (public broadcasting), 6,200 commercial cable TV broadcast stations (7,296 total); 495 million radio and 150 million TV receivers (1982) Defense Forces

most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide radio-relay network 337,000 telephones (11.3 per 100 popl.); 98 AM, 9 shortwave, 21 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Defense Forces